Adak, Ufuk2022-03-082022-03-082022Adak, U. (2022). The sterilization and disinfection machines: sanitation and public health in the late Ottoman Empire. Middle Eastern Studies, 1-14.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12939/2276The increasing speed of the flow of people from place to place with the help of steamships and trains widened the scope of contagious diseases, such as cholera and plague in the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century. After the construction of the first quarantine stations in the Ottoman Empire during the first half of the nineteenth century, the Ottomans continued to follow contemporary developments in sanitation and started to use cutting-edge technology such as sterilization and disinfection machines to secure public health.1 There were two methods of sanitation in the Ottoman Empire; sanitation with heat (tebhîr-i tabîî) through the sterilization machines (etüv) and vapor, and sanitation with chemical compounds including acid fenic (phenolic acid) and calcium chloride.2 The sterilization machines used one hundred-and-ten degree vapor pressure (tazyik-i buhar ile tathir ve tebhir-i ameliyat) to disinfect clothes and other personal belongings in a process that took about seventeen minutes.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessOttoman EmpireSterilizationArticle1142-s2.0-85123761207N/AWOS:000750131600001N/A