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Öğe 3D modelling and x-ray depth analysis map of the pulp with computer software via digital periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography(2025) Felek, Turgut; Şatır, Samed; Özel, ŞelaleObjective: Periapical radiographs (PAR) offer information about the pulp and periodontal health of teeth. However, intraoral radiographs are insufficient for diagnosing buccolingual anomalies and variations such as bifid canals due to their two-dimensional nature. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the gold standard for 3D imaging in the clinic but requires additional radiation. The aim of this study was to create a software (XPAR) which obtains x-ray depth analysis and 3D modelling of the pulps of single-rooted teeth by converting the grey values in the original radiographs into numerical data. Materials and methods: Two single-rooted teeth were included in the experimental part of the study. Chicken fibula bone was preferred for alveolar bone simulation because it could simulate cortical and trabecular structures due to similarity. A total of four images (60kVp & 70kVp; single alveolar bone & double alveolar bone) were obtained. The aim of this experimental part is to test the repeatability and realism of the algorithm to be created for pulp modelling. Retrospectively, 31 single-rooted teeth with both periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography imaging were included in the retrospective part of the study. According to XPAR, depth increase areas were interpreted as root resorption and accessory canal. Depth decrease areas were evaluated as the transformation of the pulp from an elliptical to an oval form, pulp stone, bifid canal formation and the presence of thick alveolar bone. The diagnostic accuracy of XPAR application on pathological and morphological changes was evaluated by comparing the obtained results with CBCT. Results: 80% of the analyses diagnosed as bifurcation by XPAR application were supported by CBCT. This rate decreased to 27% in the diagnosis of transitions from elliptical to oval form. A total of 5 and 19 linear formations observed in the form of depth decrease and increase, respectively, were accepted as image errors in XPAR. Conclusion: Buccolingual bifid canal formations and pulp obliterations can be diagnosed with a rate of nearly 50% with the depth decrease finding obtained in XPAR application. Imaging errors caused by deformed detectors are typically observed as linear formations.Öğe A potential novel technique for measurement of pulp volume on periapical radiography: A pilot study(2024) Şatır, Samet; Özel, Şelale; Orhan, KaanPulp volume can be assessed during dental treatment. Three-dimensional imaging techniques are not routinely used for this purpose because of high radiation doses. This study aimed to develop a novel method to measure pulp volume using periapical radiography. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used as a reference method. Periapical radiography and CBCTs obtained from the same patients (n = 32) were recorded. Pulp volume was determined by observing the density differences between the pulp and peripheral structures using ImageJ. A method of graph and volume calculation was developed for each tooth. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to show normality and non-normal distributions. The Bland-Altman plot was used to show the scattering of the mean versus difference values of the measurements of the two methods used to calculate the pulp volume. Normality was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. CBCT measurements are normally distributed (p = 0.307), while ImageJ is not normally distributed (p = 0.027). Therefore, the mean difference between the two groups was analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. There was a statistically significant difference between the CBCT and ImageJ measurements (p = 0.01). According to Spearman's correlation analysis, the results obtained from the novel method were moderately correlated with those obtained from the reference method (r = 0.444). The results of this study indicated that a novel method-based Java software can be used to calculate pulp volume using low-dose radiation containing periapical radiography.Öğe Association between clinical findings and 3T MRI features in temporomandibular joint disorders(BioMed Central, 2025) Özel, Şelale; Tunç, Selmi; Şenol, Abdullah UtkuBackground: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) commonly cause restricted mouth opening and pain, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. This study aims to explore the relationship between common clinical symptoms—clicking and limited mouth opening—and MRI findings in patients diagnosed with TMD. Methods: A total of 46 patients, with either clicking sounds or limited mouth opening, were examined using a 3T MRI scanner. The study evaluated disc position, disc deformity, and signs of osteoarthrosis, comparing MRI findings with clinical symptoms. Results: Results revealed that disc deformation was positively correlated with clicking. In contrast, limited mouth opening was significantly associated with anterior disc displacement without reduction and osteoarthrosis, indicating joint degeneration. Conclusions: The findings highlight that limited mouth opening is a more reliable clinical indicator of TMD than joint clicking, which may not always reflect underlying disc displacement. Although clicking was observed in discs with and without displacement, limited mouth opening showed a strong correlation with degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint. The study underscores the reliability of clinical symptoms of TMD, which play a crucial role in treatment planing. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.Öğe Brushing motion caused no microcracks: a micro-computed tomography study(2025) Yanık, Deniz; Özel, Şelale; Dağlı Taşman Cömert, FügenObjective: We evaluated the effect of brushing motion on microcrack formation in round distal canals after using multi-file rotary(MFR), single-file rotary(SFR), and single-file reciprocation(SFRc) systems via micro-computed tomography(micro-CT). Materials and methods: Thirty-six mandibular molars were used. Samples were allocated according to files and preparation patterns (n = 12); pecking (P) and brushing (B): Group-MFR-P, Group-MFR-B, Group-SFRc-P, Group-SFRc-B, Group-SFR-P, Group-SFR-B. MFR was ProTaper Next, SFR was TruNatomy, and SFRc was WaveOne Gold. Mesial and distal were prepared using pecking motion, and additional brushing motion. Brushing motions were performed after the pecking motions with 6 strokes. Pre-and-post-instrumentation scans were obtained. Wilcoxon, Krukal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney-U were performed. Results: No differences were between pre-and-post-instrumentation scans (p > 0.05). Post-instrumentation microcracks were not different in Group MFR-P and Group MFR-B, Group SFRc-P and Group SFRc-B, Group SFR-P and Group SFR-B (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The brushing motion followed by the pecking motion did not cause microcracks. None of the file systems examined in the study induced microcracks.Öğe Dentin thickness model : A novel method for dental age estimation using panoramic radiography(2024) Yanık, Deniz; Özel, ŞelaleThe study aims to evaluate the reliability of the novel dentin thickness model based on root parameters when applied to panoramic radiography images of mandibular first molar in the southern Turkish subpopulation. A total of 946 panoramic images were analyzed for the study. The samples were allocated into four age groups: Group 1(between 10 and 18), Group 2(between 19 and 30), Group 3(between 31 and 50), Group 4(between 51 and 78). The dentin thickness model measurements consisted of root dentin thickness of the mesial aspect of the distal root and distal canal width. Regression, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Durbin-Watson analyses were used for statistics. A medium correlation was detected in the dentin thickness model (R = 0.398). Root dentin thickness and canal width had a significant effect (p < 0.05), but gender did not (p > 0.05). Group 3 showed the highest accuracy (p < 0.001). Group 4 presented the lowest correlation with chronological age compared to other age groups (p < 0.001). The dentin thickness model showed a promising result for the dental age estimation with a medium correlation. The dentin thickness model included root measurements of the mesial aspect of the mandibular first molar without any crown parameters in the southern Turkish subpopulation. Gender did not affect the dentin thickness model.Öğe Diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin diş hekimliğinde yapay zekâ uygulamaları ile ilgili düşüncelerinin incelenmesi(2022) Özel, Şelale; Büyükçavuş, Muhammed HilmiAmaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, Türkiye’deki diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin, diş hekimliğinde ve oral radyolojide yapay zeka kullanımına ilişkin görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 19 ile 30 yaş arasında 236 diş hekimliği öğrencisi katılmıştır. Katılımcılar Survey Monkey anket programında hazırlanan öğrencilerin diş hekimliği ve oral radyolojide yapay zeka kullanımına ilişkin görüş ve tutumlarını inceleyen anketi cevaplamışlardır. İstatiksel analiz için tanımlayıcı istatistik ve Kolmogrov-Smirnov testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin %15,25’ini (n:36) 1. Sınıf, %15,68’ini (n:37) 2. Sınıf, %19,92’sini (n:47) 3. Sınıf, %25’ini 4. Sınıf (n:59), %24,15’ini (n:57) 5. Sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların %72,88’inin (n:172) yapay zekanın günlük hayatta kullanım alanları hakkında bilgisi varken, öğrencilerden sadece %23,73’ünün (n:56) radyoloji alanında kullanımı hakkında bilgisi vardır. Yapay zekanın oral radyolojide kullanım alanları konusunda bilgi düzeylerinde 5. ve 4. sınıflar ile 1., 2. ve 3. sınıflar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların yaklaşık %80’i yapay zekanın diş hekimliği ve oral radyoloji alanını geliştireceğini düşünüyorken, bu uygulamaların ileride diş hekimlerinin yerini alması konusunda endişe duymadıkları görülmüştür. Sonuç: Literatürde diş hekimlerinin ve diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin yapay zeka uygulamaları hakkında görüş ve tutumları hakkında bilgi eksikliği mevcuttur. Öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu diş hekimliği eğitiminde yapay zekaya yer verilmesi gerektiğini desteklemektedir. Yapay zekanın diş hekimliğinde kullanım alanları konusunda üst sınıf öğrencilerinin alt sınıflara göre daha fazla bilgisi olduğu izlenmiştir.Öğe Evaluation of localization of the mandibular lingula in children: A retrospective CBCT study(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Özel, Şelale; Gürcan, Aliye TuğçeObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical localization of mandibular lingula in children aged between 6 and 18. Methods: In this study, 192 children were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to the age range as follows: aged 6 to 9, aged 9 to 13 and aged 14 to 18. cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for linear measurements. Six reference points were measured to lingula in the study: posterior, anterior and inferior aspect of the ramus, sigmoid notch, occlusal plane and distal aspect of the first molar. Results: In children aged 6–9 years, 10–13 years and 14–18 years; mean distances to the distal surface of the mandibular first molar were 23.27 mm, 28.71 mm, 36.26 mm, respectively. The lingula moved in a superior direction with age. Mean distance to the occlusal plane were 0.575 mm, 0.96 mm, 2.61 mm in patients aged 6–9 years, 10–13 years, 14–18 years; respectively. Mean distances from the sigmoid notch among children at 6–9 age, 10–13 age and 14–18 age were found to be 14.49 mm, 17.81 mm and 19.62 mm; respectively. Conclusion: Mandibular lingula was nearly the same level with occlusal plane aged between 6 and 14 (0.77 mm). In children 14–18 aged, lingula was approximately 2.61 mm above the occlusal plane. The parameters were found to be different in gender. It was found that the measurements were higher in males.Öğe Evaluation of trabecular structure using fractal analysis in patients taking proton pump inhibitors(2022) Özel, Şelale; Okumuş, Özlem; Yurdabakan, Zeliha ZuhalObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the trabecular bone structure in patients using proton pump inhibitors (PPI) by performing measurements with fractal analysis, mandibular cortical width (MCW) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) on panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study consists of 46 patients (20 males and 26 females) using PPI drugs regularly for at least 1 year and systemically healthy 46 persons (20 males, 26 females) as the control group. Fractal analysis was performed in five regions: the mandibular angle (ROI1), posterior mandible (ROI2), interdental area between apical of the second premolar and the first molar (ROI3), maxillary tuber region (ROI4), anterior mandible (ROI5). PMI and MCW as an indicative of osteoporosis, were measured on the panoramic radiographs. Results: For re-evaluated measurements, interobserver and intraobserver agreements were found to be 0.985 and 0.987, respectively. ROI2-4 (1.732, 1.334, 1.333; respectively) were significantly lower in PPI users, whereas, there was no significant in ROI1 (1.605) and ROI5 (1.694). The values MCW and PMI were not statistically significant in PPI users. Conclusion: Posterior region of the mandible, maxillary tuberosity and interdental region had lower trabecular microstructures in PPI users. The results of this study show that patients using PPI at least one year should be considered as regarding osteoporotic changes during dental treatment.Öğe Pulp dimensions as an indicator of age in Turkish subpopulation(2022) Yanık, Deniz; Özel, ŞelalePurpose: Age prediction is an important factor in the legal process in forensic medicine. The present study aims to assess the impact of pulp height and width on dental age prediction. Materials & Methods: This study consisted of 1000 patients (11-77 years, 500 females and males). The mandibular őrst molar was assessed on panoramic radiography. Two age estimation models were applied. Model 1 included measurements of pulp length and crown length whereas parameters of model 2 were crown width and pulp width. Patients were divided into 4 age groups: Group 1 (between 11 and 18 years), Group 2 (between 19 and 29 years), Group 3 (between 30 and 50 years), Group 4 (between 51 and 77 years). Radiographs were evaluated by two observers. Multiple linear regression models were performed to predict the chronological age for each indicator. Pearson correlation coefőcient was used to assess the relationship between chronological age and predicted dental age. Results: Coefőcients of models 1 and 2 were 0.461 and 0.523, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between chronological age and, pulp height and width ratio. The difference between sex was not statistically signiőcant. Group 3 showed the highest accuracy, whereas Group 4 showed the lowest among age groups. Conclusion: The parameters based on width and length provided similar reliability on dental age estimation. The age between 30 to 59 years showed the highest accuracy of the pulp width and the pulp height in dental age prediction.Öğe Shaping ability of three instrumentation system in moderately curved canals: A micro-CT study(2024) Yanık, Deniz; Özel, ŞelaleThis study aims to compare the shaping ability of three systems using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Moderately-curved mesial canals of 36 mandibular molars were assigned to three groups (n = 24); Protaper Next (PTN, 0.25, 0.06), WaveOne Gold (WOG, 0.25, 0.07), TruNatomy (TRN, 0.25, 0.04), and instrumentation was performed. Pre- and post-micro-CT scans were obtained. Canal volume and surface, structure model index (SMI), centroid shift, canal transportation, and untouched canal were analyzed. One-way ANOVA and Student's t-test were used for statistics. There was no difference in SMI, centroid shift, and centering ability between the study groups (p > .05). Removed dentin and canal surface changes were lower in TRN, while untouched dentin walls were higher (p < .05). Cross-sections became more rounded (p < .05), but not significant between groups (p > .05). Considering the removed dentin by TRN, it can be used in critical dentin thickness, such as the danger zone (DZ). PTN, WOG, and WOG kept the original canal course similarly. Untouched dentin by TRN (41%) was wider than PTN and WOG, consequently, meticulous irrigation is recommended. TRN, which provides a controlled increase in canal volume, can be used in thin dentin such as the DZ, however, its use should be supported by copious irrigation and brushing considering the rate of untouched dentin walls. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: TRN presented a higher untouched dentin wall compared to PTN and WOG. Canal volume and surface changes were the lowest in the TRN group. The centering abilities were similar in PTN, WOG, and TRN.
