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    Polygon number algorithm for peak-to-average ratio reduction of massive 5G systems using modified partial transmit sequence scheme
    (Wiley, 2021) Alkatrani, Hayder; İlyas, Muhammad; Alyassri, Salam; Nahar, Ali; Al-Turjman, Fadi; Rasheed, Jawad; Alshahrani, Ali; Al-Kasasbeh, Basil
    The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmit signal is a major shortcoming of OFDM systems, which results in band radiation and distortion due to the nonlinearity of the high-power amplifier (H.P). To resolve the traditional OFDM highPAPR issue, where the transmit sequence is designed to avoid similar data from being sent in the same order to reduce PAPR, there are numerous conventional ways for lowering the PAPR for OFDM system, such as selective mapping, tone reservation, block coding, filtering, clipping, and partial transmit sequence (PTS). This study proposes a new method called polygon number algorithm (PN) with conventional partial transmit sequence (C-PTS). This method (PN-PTS) processes the entered data before sending it, taking advantage of the number nonsimilarity according to the geometry of the number to prevent direct sending of similar data via PTS, and thus, this improved the level of PAPR rise in the proposed system. The amount of reduction that can be achieved in PAPR is up to 8 dB by different techniques. The best result obtained was the amount of reduction between the conventional method and the proposed method is 4.5683 where N = 64. Besides this, there is no transmission of side information (SI), which improves transmission efficiency. Finally, this method is easy in the calculation process and the ciphering and deciphering of data, which adds a few calculations.