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    Optically remote-controlled miniaturized 3D reconfigurable CRLH-printed MIMO antenna array for 5G applications
    (2022) Al-khaylani, Hayder H.; Elwi, Taha A.; Ibrahim, Abdullahi Abdu
    A reconfigurable MIMO antenna array of a three-dimensional geometry that is operating at sub-6 GHz for 5G applications. The proposed antenna array provides a wideband with excellent matching impedance, S11 ≤ −10 dB, from 3.1 to 5.75 GHz. The proposed MIMO array is constructed from four antenna elements arranged on a cubical structure to provide a low mutual coupling, below −20 dB, over all frequency bands of interest. Each antenna element is excited with a coplanar waveguide. The proposed radiation patterns are controlled with two optical switches of light-dependent resistors (LDRs). The antenna array is tested in terms of S-parameters and radiation patterns. The maximum gain is found to be 3.6, 6.9, and 3.5 dBi at 3.6, 3.9, and 4.9 GHz, respectively. It is realized that the proposed array realizes a significant beam forming by splitting the antenna beam and changing the main lobe direction at 3.9 GHz after changing LDR switching statuses.