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    Chinese foreign policy towards the Middle East, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a model 2013–2022
    (Altınbaş Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2024) Alshukri, Ameer Abdulelah Abdulwahid; Usturalı, Adil
    The strategic importance of the Middle East and its abundance of resources attracted major powers, especially China and the United States. With two-thirds of the world's crude oil reserves located there, energy security is crucial. China, which is historically connected to the region through the Silk Road, has recently increased its involvement, primarily to secure oil and gas supplies for its economy. Contrary to historical trends, China has maintained a low profile in the Middle East, prioritizing trade and cultural exchanges over physical presence or spheres of influence. Since its founding in 1949, China has focused on building diplomatic legitimacy and aligning with liberation movements to challenge foreign hegemony. By recognizing that economic expansion and foreign interests are critical to national security, China recognizes the importance of energy security in ensuring the continued flow of its economy amid rapid growth. This shift signals a more comprehensive and proactive Chinese engagement in the Middle East, moving away from historical isolation toward a greater international presence. This research explores China's evolving foreign policy in the Middle East, with a case study on Sino-Saudi relations from 2013 to 2022, highlighting the changing dynamics and future prospects.