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    Effects of prenatal binge-like ethanol exposure and maternal stress on postnatal morphological development of hippocampal neurons in rats
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Jakubowska-Dogru, Ewa; Elibol, Birsen; Dursun, İlknur; Yürüker, Sinan
    Background: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used drugs of abuse negatively affecting human health and it is known as a potent teratogen responsible for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is characterized by cognitive deficits especially pronounced in juveniles but ameliorating in adults. Searching for the potential morphological correlates of these effects, in this study, we compared the course of developmental changes in the morphology of principal hippocampal neurons in fetal-alcohol (A group), intubated control (IC group), and intact control male rats (C group) over a protracted period of the first two postnatal months. Methods: Ethanol was administered to the pregnant Wistar dams intragastrically, throughout gestation days (GD) 7-20, at a total dose of 6 g/kg/day resulting in the mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 246.6 +/- 40.9 mg/dl. Ten morphometric parameters of Golgi-stained hippocampal neurons (pyramidal and granule) from CA1, CA3, and DG areas were examined at critical postnatal days (PD): at birth (PD1), at the end of the brain growth spurt period (PD10), in juveniles (PD30), and in young adults (PD60). Results: During postnatal development, the temporal pattern of morphometric changes was shown to be region dependent with most significant alterations observed between PD1-30 in the CA region and between PD10-30 in the DG region. It was also parameter-dependent with the soma size (except for CA3 pyramids), number of primary dendrites, dendrite diameter, dendritic tortuosity and the branch angle demonstrating little changes, while the total dendritic field area, dendritic length, number of dendritic bifurcations, and spine density being highly increased in all hippocampal regions during the first postnatal month. Moderate ethanol intoxication and the maternal intubation stress during gestation, showed similar, transient effects on the neuron development manifested as a smaller soma size in granule cells, reduced dendritic parameters and lower spine density in pyramidal neurons at PD1. Full recovery from these effects took place within the first 10 postnatal days. Conclusions: This study showed regional and temporal differences in the development of different morphometric features of principal hippocampal neurons in intact subjects over a protracted 2-months postnatal period. It also demonstrated an overlap in the effects of a moderate fetal ethanol intoxication and a mild maternal stress produced by the intragastric intubation, a commonly used method of ethanol administration to the pregnant dams. Fast recovery from the adverse effects on the soma size, dendritic arborization and spines density observed at birth indicates towards the fetal ethanol/stress induced developmental retardation.
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    Öğe
    The investigation of the effects of postnatal alcohol exposure on molecular content and antioxidant capacity of mice liver tissue
    (Elsevier, 2022) Algburi, Ali Forat; Dursun, İlknur; Garip Ustaoğlu, Şebnem
    One of the most common causes of fetal alcohol spectrum disease (FASD) characterized with neurodevelopmental disorder and growth retardation, is the postnatal alcohol consumption. Since studies in literature are mainly focused on alcohol-induced effects on brain tissues, the molecular effects of postnatal alcohol consumption on fetal liver are not clarified yet. The aim of this study is to determine the postnatal alcohol consumption-induced structural and compositional changes on liver tissue and the antioxidant capacity of liver. Newborn mice were divided into 3 groups as control group without any treatment, alcohol group treated with 3.0 g/kg of ethanol in 0.02 ml/g of artificially enriched milk between Postnatal Days (PD) 3-20 and intragastric intubation control group which was intragastrically intubated in the same method as the alcohol group but without ethanol/milk. These postnatal days in mice refers prenatal period (third trimester) of gestation in human. The biomolecular changes were determined by ATR-FTIR spectral analysis of the samples, besides the biochemical measurement of total protein content and antioxidant capacity of liver tissue. The result of the current study shows that while there was a slight increase in total lipid content, significant decrease in unsaturated lipid and total protein contents and total antioxidant capacity of liver were observed in alcohol-treated group. Thus, it is concluded that postnatal alcohol treatment causes significant changes in tissue proteins and lipids by inducing lipid peroxidation and changes in protein conformations of the liver tissue. In addition to that alcohol consumption also reduce the antioxidant capacity of liver tissue.