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Öğe A multimodal particle swarm optimization-based approach for image segmentation(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Farshi, Taymaz Rahkar; Drake, John H.; Özcan, EnderColor image segmentation is a fundamental challenge in the field of image analysis and pattern recognition. In this paper, a novel automated pixel clustering and color image segmentation algorithm is presented. The proposed method operates in three successive stages. In the first stage, a three-dimensional histogram of pixel colors based on the RGB model is smoothened using a Gaussian filter. This process helps to eliminate unreliable and non-dominating peaks that are too close to one another in the histogram. In the next stage, the peaks representing different clusters in the histogram are identified using a multimodal particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, pixels are assigned to the most appropriate cluster based on Euclidean distance. Determining the number of clusters to be used is often a manual process left for a user and represents a challenge for various segmentation algorithms. The proposed method is designed to determine an appropriate number of clusters, in addition to the actual peaks, automatically. Experiments confirm that the proposed approach yields desirable results, demonstrating that it can find an appropriate set of clusters for a set of well-known benchmark images. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Battle royale optimization algorithm(Springer London Ltd, 2021) Farshi, Taymaz RahkarRecently, several metaheuristic optimization approaches have been developed for solving many complex problems in various areas. Most of these optimization algorithms are inspired by nature or the social behavior of some animals. However, there is no optimization algorithm which has been inspired by a game. In this paper, a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm, named BRO (battle royale optimization), is proposed. The proposed method is inspired by a genre of digital games knowns as "battle royale." BRO is a population-based algorithm in which each individual is represented by a soldier/player that would like to move toward the safest (best) place and ultimately survive. The proposed scheme has been compared with the well-known PSO algorithm and six recent proposed optimization algorithms on nineteen benchmark optimization functions. Moreover, to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm on real-world engineering problems, the inverse kinematics problem of the 6-DOF PUMA 560 robot arm is considered. The experimental results show that, according to both convergence and accuracy, the proposed algorithm is an efficient method and provides promising and competitive results.Öğe Image noise reduction method based on compatibility with adjacent pixels(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2017) Farshi, Taymaz RahkarThis paper proposes an efficient noise reduction method for gray and color images that are contaminated by salt-and-pepper noise. In the proposed method, the pixels that are more compatible with adjacent pixels are replaced with target (noisy) pixels. The algorithm is applied on noisy Lena and Mansion images that are contaminated by salt-and-pepper noise with 0.1 and 0.2 noise intensities. Although this method is developed for reducing noise from the images that are contaminated by salt-and-pepper noise, it can also reduce the noise from the images that are contaminated by other types of noises; yet it is more efficient for reducing salt-and-pepper noise. Both numerical and visual comparisons are demonstrated in the experimental simulations. The results show the proposed algorithm can successfully remove impulse noise from images that are contaminated by salt-and-pepper noise.