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    Cognitive impairment in kidney transplanted patients
    (2025) Malyszko, Jolanta; Golenia, Aleksandra; Farisco, Michele; Lo Re, Vincenzina; Klimkowicz-Mrowiec, Aleksandra; Capasso, Giovambattista; Goumenos, Dimitris; Rroji, Merita; Figurek, Andreja; Hafez, Gaye; CONNECT Action (Cognitive Decline in Nephro-Neurology European Cooperative Target) collaborators
    Chronic kidney disease affects almost all of the organs. Recently, more attention has been paid to the kidney and the central nervous system connections. In patients on kidney replacement therapy, including kidney transplantation, there is an increased prevalence of cognitive impairment, and depression and other neurological complications, such as cerebrovascular disorders and movement disorders. Kidney transplant recipients need an assessment for the risk factors and the pattern of cognitive impairment (memory, attention and executive function decline). This enables an accurate diagnosis to be made at an earlier stage. Partial post-transplant cognitive impairment recovery is also important. Finally, doctors and patients alike face numerous ethical concerns and challenges regarding the transplantation of kidneys and other solid organs. In this review, we examined some key issues regarding cognitive impairment in kidney transplant patients. We focused on the mechanism of cognitive impairment in kidney transplant recipients, patterns of cognitive impairment; evaluation of patients with cognitive impairment for kidney transplantation, the potential impact of cognitive impairment on waitlisted and transplanted patients on patient care, non-pharmacological interventions and unmet medical needs, psychological and ethical issues in kidney transplantation, and unmet needs. As cognitive impairment in kidney transplant recipients is an underestimated, underrecognized but clinically relevant problem, screening for cognitive function before and after kidney transplantation would be worth considering in standard routine practice.
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    Drugs with a negative impact on cognitive functions (Part 2): drug classes to consider while prescribing in CKD patients
    (2023) Hafez, Gaye; Malyszko, Jolanta; Golenia, Aleksandra; Klimkowicz-Mrowiec, Aleksandra; Ferreira, Ana Carina; Arıcı, Mustafa; Bruchfeld, Annette; Nitsch, Dorothea; Massy, Ziad A.; Pepin, Marion; Capasso, Giovambattista; Mani, Laila-Yasmin; Liabeuf, Sophie
    There is growing evidence that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment, especially due to vascular damage, blood-brain barrier disruption and uremic toxins. Given the presence of multiple comorbidities, the medication regimen of CKD patients often becomes very complex. Several medications such as psychotropic agents, drugs with anticholinergic properties, GABAergic drugs, opioids, corticosteroids, antibiotics and others have been linked to negative effects on cognition. These drugs are frequently included in the treatment regimen of CKD patients. The first review of this series described how CKD could represent a risk factor for adverse drug reactions affecting the central nervous system. This second review will describe some of the most common medications associated with cognitive impairment (in the general population and in CKD) and describe their effects.
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    Methodological challenges and biases in the field of cognitive function among patients with chronic kidney disease
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Giannakou, Konstantinos; Golenia, Aleksandra; Liabeuf, Sophie; Malyszko, Jolanta; Mattace-Raso, Francesco; Farinha, Ana; Spasovski, Goce; Hafez, Gaye; Wiecek, Andrzej; Capolongo, Giovanna; Capasso, Giovambattista; Massy, Ziad A.
    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 850 million people globally and is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment among CKD patients ranges from 30 to 60%, and the link between CKD and cognitive impairment is partially understood. Methodological challenges and biases in studying cognitive function in CKD patients need to be addressed to improve diagnosis, treatment, and management of cognitive impairment in this population. Here, we review the methodological challenges and study design issues, including observational studies’ limitations, internal validity, and different types of bias that can impact the validity of research findings. Understanding the unique challenges and biases associated with studying cognitive function in CKD patients can help to identify potential sources of error and improve the quality of future research, leading to more accurate diagnoses and better treatment plans for CKD patients.