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    FTIR imaging of structural changes in visceral and subcutaneous adiposity and brown to white adipocyte transdifferentiation
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2015) Baloğlu, Fatma Küçük; Garip, Şebnem; Heise, Sebastian; Brockmann, Gudrun; Severcan, Feride
    Obesity is a heterogeneous disorder which increases risks for multiple metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. The current study aims to characterize and compare visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in terms of macromolecular content and investigate transdifferentiation between white and brown adipocytes. Regarding this aim, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) immunohistological staining were used to investigate gonadal (visceral) and inguinal (subcutaneous) adipose tissues of male Berlin fat mice inbred (BFMI) lines, which are spontaneously obese. The results indicated a remarkable increase in the lipid/protein ratio, accompanied with a decrease of UCP1 protein content which might be due to the transdifferentiation of brown adipocytes to white adipocytes in obese groups. It has been widely reported that brown adipose tissue has a strong effect on fatty acid and glucose homeostasis and it could provide an opportunity for the therapy of obesity. When the amount of brown adipose tissue was decreased, lower unsaturation/saturation ratio, qualitatively longer hydrocarbon acyl chain length of lipids and higher amount of triglycerides were obtained in both adipose tissues of mice lines. The results also revealed that subcutaneous adipose tissue was more prone to obesity-induced structural changes than visceral adipose tissue, which could originate from it possessing a lower amount of brown adipose tissue. The current study clearly revealed the power of FTIR microspectroscopy in the precise determination of obesity-induced structural and functional changes in inguinal and gonadal adipose tissue of mice lines.
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    Systems genetics of obesity
    (Humana Press Inc., 2017) Brockmann, Gudrun A.; Arends, Danny; Heise, Sebastian; Doğan, Ayça
    Obesity is a complex trait, determined by many genes and influenced by environmental factors. Mapping genomic loci contributing to obesity helps to identify gene variants responsible for differences in the phenotype. However, measuring fat content alone is often not sufficient to identify the underlying gene or genes. Besides in-depth phenotyping, well-designed genetic populations and the combined analysis of data of different origins are necessary to detect one of several genetic determinants. Structured mouse populations and linking information from different experiments help to simplify the complexity in the search for direct genetic effects or factors that are hidden in the genome. In this chapter we present an example of how the physicochemical characterization of adipose tissue in BXD recombinant inbred lines contributes to enlighten the obese phenotype of mice. We describe the search for gene(s) contributing to collagen content in adipose tissue of BXD strains using the GeneNetwork platform. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017.