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    Corrosion reduction in steam turbine blades using nano-composite coating
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sattar, Sabaa; Alaiwi, Yaser; Radhi, Nabaa Sattar; Al-Khafaji, Zainab; Al-Hashimi, Osamah; Alzahrani, Hassan; Yaseen, Zaher Mundher
    The current study aims to reduce the hot corrosion issues in steam turbines for Al-Mussaib thermal power stations. To gain the aim of the study, many experimental tests were conducted by taking a sample from an existing broken steam turbine blade to identify the alloy composition and preparing samples with exact composition by powder metallurgy method, then using the electro-deposition method to coat the prepared samples by three different coating composite materials consists of TiO2 in different ratios (5, 10 and 15) g/l and 5 g/l SiO2 added to Watt's solution. To verify the efficiency of coating, several tests were conducted (surface roughness, hardness, wear, and oxidation test). The obtained results indicated that increasing the Ni-5%SiO2-TiO2 (5, 10 and 15) g/l caused an increase in the coating thickness, which is compatible with increasing the surface roughness. Also, the sample hardness increased after coating, which returned to increasing TiO2 amount (5, 10 and 15) g/l. However, wear resistance for the samples after coating by selected coating composite and 10 g/l TiO2 amount records the highest reduction in the wear of the sample.
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    Öğe
    Measuring radiation in space with bubble detectors and the effect of radiation on health system of human body
    (American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023) Al-Khafaji, Zainab S.; Radhi, Sabaa S.; Mahdi, Marwah M.; Radhi, Nabaa Sattar; Mareai, Basim M.
    A bubble detector resembles a testing tube or a human fingertip in size and form. It has a material with small liquid droplets in it. When neutrons collide with the droplets, visible bubbles of trapped gas appear almost instantly. The number of bubbles in the surrounding neutron radiation may be measured optically or with a reader, and the number of bubbles reflects the degree of neutron radiation. The gas bubbles may be compressed again and used again. A bubble detector becomes a radiation sensor utilized to assess neutron levels. Neutrons account for 30 percent of the radiations that astronauts encounter in orbit. When protons collide with a spacecraft's shielding, neutrons are produced. To better monitor specific astronauts' neutron exposures throughout space missions, the Canadian Space Agency's Operation Space Medicine (OSM) Group is sponsoring the development of a personal detector device for space usage depending on Canadian bubble dosimeter technology. The current study focuses on mechanisms utilized for detecting radiation, Neutron detectors, and kinds of Neutron detectors, in addition to the effect of radiation on the health system.
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    Öğe
    Numerical simulation for effect of composite coating (TIO2+SIO2) thickness on steam turbine blades thermal and stress distribution
    (Editura Politechnica, 2023) Sattar, Sabaa; Alaiwi, Yaser; Radhi, Nabaa Sattar; Al-Khafaji, Zainab
    The steam turbine is the most effective and straightforward method of converting thermal energy into mechanical power. As steam expands, its velocity increases, exerting strong stresses on the turbine blades. The linear motion of the incoming steam with high temp and pressure is converted to rotation of the turbine shaft by the turbine blades. The most important issue in power plants might be corrosion in the turbine blades. Corrosion might cause turbine blade masses to be out of balance, which can cause major vibration issues. The ANSYS software program did a numerical analysis to investigate the impact of coating thickness for the selected coating materials (Ti, TiO2, and SiO2) on the steam turbine. The numerical analysis was done using six coating groups; three of them consist of single materials (Ti, TiO2, and SiO2), and the other three consist of hybrid coating (Ti+ TiO2, Ti+ SiO2, and Ti+TiO2+SiO2) and each group has three coating thickness (0.01, 0.02 and 0.04) μm. Numerical analysis results indicated that the total heat flux and the temp increased after applying the coating. In contrast, total deformation for all selected groups was decreased after applying a coating for all of them; the change in the coating thickness from (0.01 to 0.04) μm has no effective changes on the samples after coating. Using (Ti and TiO2) show a significant increase in max principal stress compared to the uncoated sample. The application of Ti shows the impact of coating thickness on max principal stress, where a change in the coating thickness from 0.01 to 0.04 μm leads to a reduction in the max principal stress value from 1421.9 to 1211.4 MPa.
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    Reducing oil pipes corrosion by (ZN-NI) alloy coating on low carbon steel substrate by sustainable process
    (Taylor's University, 2023) Radhi, Nabaa Sattar; Al-Khafaji, Zainab; Mareai, Basim M.; Radhi, Sabaa; Alsaegh, Ayam M.
    The problem of corrosion is quite risky and costly. There is always the possibility of bridges and buildings collapsing, oil pipelines bursting, chemical plants leaking, and bathroom flooding. Corroded medical implants might result in blood poisoning, corroded electrical connections could start fires and cause other problems, and worldwide air pollution could damage artwork. Corrosion threatens the safe disposal of radioactive waste that should be stored in containers for millennia. This study makes an effort to enhance further the electroplated layer's (Zn-Ni) alloy characteristics. In this study, samples of low-carbon steel are electrodeposited with layers of varying thicknesses of (Zn-Ni) from an alkaline solution throughout various coating times (15, 30, and 60 minutes). The mechanical and corrosion characteristics of the electrodeposits layer are determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), which is also utilized to analyse the microhardness and corrosion test results of the (Zn-Ni) deposited layer.