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Öğe Automated Age Estimation from OPG Images and Patient Records Using Deep Feature Extraction and Modified Genetic-Random Forest(2025) Uçan, Gülfem Özlü; Gwassi, Omar Abboosh Hussein; Apaydın, Burak Kerem; Uçan, BahadırBackground/Objectives: Dental age estimation is a vital component of forensic science, helping to determine the identity and actual age of an individual. However, its effectiveness is challenged by methodological variability and biological differences between individuals. Therefore, to overcome the drawbacks such as the dependence on manual measurements, requiring a lot of time and effort, and the difficulty of routine clinical application due to large sample sizes, we aimed to automatically estimate tooth age from panoramic radiographs (OPGs) using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Methods: Two-Dimensional Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2D-DCNN) and One-Dimensional Deep Convolutional Neural Network (1D-DCNN) techniques were used to extract features from panoramic radiographs and patient records. To perform age estimation using feature information, Genetic algorithm (GA) and Random Forest algorithm (RF) were modified, combined, and defined as Modified Genetic-Random Forest Algorithm (MG-RF). The performance of the system used in our study was analyzed based on the MSE, MAE, RMSE, and R2 values calculated during the implementation of the code. Results: As a result of the applied algorithms, the MSE value was 0.00027, MAE value was 0.0079, RMSE was 0.0888, and R2 score was 0.999. Conclusions: The findings of our study indicate that the AI-based system employed herein is an effective tool for age detection. Consequently, we propose that this technology could be utilized in forensic sciences in the future.Öğe Tailored Callosotomy in Third Ventricle Colloid Cyst Resection via Anterior Interhemispheric Transcallosal Approach(2025) Özöner, Barış; Gürses, Muhammet Enes; Öztürk, Mehmet; Arslan, Safa; Ergen, Anıl; Tubbs, Richard S.; Gonzalez-Lopez, M. Pablo; Luzzi, Sabino; Güngör, AbuzerBackground: The colloid cyst represents a relatively uncommon intracranial lesion. It garners significant attention from neurosurgeons due to its benign nature, deep-seated location, and promising prognosis when identified early and surgically removed. A variety of surgical methods are used to treat these cysts, each with their strengths and weaknesses. Objectives: The aim of this study to introduce and assess a precise microsurgical technique for managing colloid cysts using the anterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach. Methods: The research involved a retrospective analysis of 14 cases between 2021 and 2023 treated with the anterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach by two experienced skull base surgeons. The evaluation encompassed demographic, clinical, radiological, histological, and surgical data. Additionally, the Colloid Cyst Risk Score (CCRS) was used to assess the risk of obstructive hydrocephalus. The procedure incorporated neuronavigation and ultrasound to determine the precise entry point and to plan the trajectory. Results: The minimally invasive microsurgical technique was effectively employed in all 14 cases, with no reported postoperative complications. Post-surgery MRI scans confirmed complete cyst removal, with an average callosotomy measurement of 5.4 ± 2.5 mm. Importantly, none of the patients experienced disconnection syndrome associated with callosotomy. Conclusions: The adapted microsurgical approach via the anterior interhemispheric transcallosal method emerges as a secure and efficient way to address colloid cysts. It ensures comprehensive cyst removal while minimizing complications, boasting advantages such as reduced invasiveness, enhanced visibility, and minimal tissue disturbance, thereby confirming its role in colloid cyst surgical interventions.Öğe Music Therapy may Decrease Radial Artery Spasm Rates and Increase Satisfaction during Coronary Angiography(2025) Aslan, Muzaffer; Okşen, Doğaç; Yavuz, Yunus Emre; Kaynak, ÇağdaşIntroduction: With the widespread use of the radial artery in catheterization procedures, radial artery spasm (RAS) is frequently considered an undesirable event. It is known that anxiety increases RAS, and listening to music helps individuals control anxiety during the procedure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of music concerts on RAS. Methods: In this prospective study, imaging and interventional coronary catheterization procedures using the radial artery were included. One group listened to a musical recital during the procedure, while the other group was treated in a quiet environment. The demographics, procedural parameters, and complications of both groups were compared. Results: The study included a total of 147 patients, with an average age of 51.6 ± 11.1 years. Of these, 78 patients (53%) listened to music, while 69 patients (46.9%) underwent catheterization in a quiet environment. The impact of music therapy on the RAS was found to be significant (11.5% vs. 20.3%; p=0.035). While music therapy showed a potential to reduce RAS rates, its effect was not statistically significant in multivariate analysis (p=0.055). Conclusion: Music is a feasible, simple, and inexpensive method for reducing anxiety levels in patients. Listening to music during catheterization can reduce procedural discomfort and the frequency of undesirable events by helping people control their anxiety.Öğe Cholinergic system in patients with chronic kidney disease: cognitive and renal implications(2025) Xu, Hong; Eriksdotter, Maria; Hafez, Gaye; Sumonto, Mitra; Bruchfeld, Annette; Pesic, Vesna; Unwin, Robert; Wagner, Carden A.; Massy, Carsten; Massy, Ziad A.; Zoccali, Carmine; Pepin, Marion; Capasso, Giovambattista; Liabeuf, Sophie; CONNECT Action (Cognitive Decline in Nephro-Neurology European Cooperative Target)Cholinergic synapses are widespread throughout the human central nervous system. Their high density in the thalamus, neocortex, limbic system, and striatum suggests that cholinergic transmission plays a vital role in memory, attention, learning and other higher cognitive functions. As a result, the brain's cholinergic system occupies a central position in research on normal cognition and age-related cognitive decline, including dementias such as Alzheimer's disease. In addition to its role in the brain, neuronal cholinergic pathways are essential for the physiological regulation of bodily organs, including the kidneys, through the parasympathetic branch of the peripheral nervous system. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non-communicable disease with a global prevalence of approximately 10%. Cognitive impairment is common among patients with CKD, with reported prevalence rates ranging from 30% to 60%, depending on definitions and assessment methods used. Given the importance of the cholinergic system in cognitive processes, it may be a key area of focus for evaluating cognitive function in this population. In this current narrative review, we will first examine evidence linking the cholinergic system to cognitive functions; with a specific focus on drugs that affect this system. we will then discuss the potential implications of cholinergic function in patients with CKD.Öğe Activation of Proteolysis During Oocyte In Vitro Maturation(2025) Tepeköy, Filiz; Bulut, Berk; Karaöz, ErdalIn vitro maturation (IVM) is a form of assisted reproductive technology (ART) applied to obtain mature oocytes in culture. Decline in IVM success rates by age has led consideration of novel approaches based on cellular dynamics. Our aim was to achieve proteostasis in old bovine oocytes from 13 to 16-year-old bovine with a lower potential for fertilization. Lysosomal activation was achieved through increasing concentrations of proton pump activators PIP2 (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 μM), PMA (0.1, 1, 10, and 50 μM), and DOG (0.1, 1, 10, and 50 μM) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h of IVM in old bovine oocytes. Morphological analysis was performed and IVM rates were determined. DQ-Red BSA was applied to live oocytes to determine proteolytic activation while lysosome density was determined by Lysotracker probe. Protein carbonylation was detected through oxyblot analysis. Polar body extrusion (PBE), through which a haploid nonfunctional polar body is released in the perivitelline space after completion of the first meiotic division, was observed in PIP2-0.1 μM, -0.5μM-6h; PIP2-5μM-12h; PMA-0.1μM-18h; PIP2-0.1μM, -0.5μM-24h groups. Oocyte diameter was the highest in DOG-1μM-6h, PMA-0.1μM-12h, PIP2-1μM-18h, and PIP2-0.5μM-24h groups. Morphological scores of oocytes were higher in young and old control groups. PIP2, PMA, and DOG affected oocyte quality positively after 6 h of IVM yielding in oocyte scores similar to the control group oocytes. However, they had a negative impact on the oocyte scores in longer periods of IVM, except for lower doses PMA (0.1 and 1 μM) at 12 h and PIP2 (0.5 μM) and PMA (0.1 μM) at 18 h, which were able to maintain the scores relatively closer to the control oocytes. Proteolytic activation was achieved in all groups at 6 h of culture. At all other time points PIP2 and PMA groups showed a better response to proteolytic activation. Lysosome density was increased in PIP2-5μM-6h; PIP2-0.1μM, -1μM-12h; PIP2-1μM, -5μM-18h as well as PMA-0.1μM-6h; PMA-1μM, -10μM-12h; PMA-1μM-18h; DOG-50μM-6h and DOG-0.1μM-12h. Protein carbonylation was the lowest in PIP2-0.1 μM groups at 12, 18, and 24 h. This study suggests that proton pump activators PIP2 and PMA was found to have a positive impact on IVM in terms of both morphological scores and proteolytic activation in a time and dose dependant manner.Öğe Frequency of frontotemporal dementia-related gene variants in Turkey(Elsevier Inc., 2021) Artan, Sevilhan; Erzurumluoglu Gokalp, Ebru; Samanci, Bedia; Ozbabalik Adapinar, Demet; Bas, Hasan; Tepgec, Fatih; Qomi Ekenel, EmiliaJust as its clinical heterogeneity, genetic basis of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is also diverse and multiple molecular pathways are thought to be involved in disease pathogenesis. In the present study, FTD- related genes were evaluated in a Turkish cohort of 175 index FTD patients with a gene panel including GRN, MAPT, TARDBP, FUS, CHMP2B and VCP genes. Potential genetic associations were prospected in 16 patients (9.1%); five variants (p.(Gly35Glufs) and p.(Cys253Ter) in GRN; p.(Arg95Cys) in VCP; p.(Met405Val) in TARDBP and p.(Pro636Leu) in MAPT) were classified as pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP), in four familial and one sporadic patients. Three novel variants in MAPT, CHMP2B and FUS were also identified in familial cases. The most common pathogenic variants were observed in the GRN gene with a frequency of 1.14% (2/175) and this rate was 4.57% (8/175), including variants of uncertain significance (VUS). In this study with the largest cohort of Turkish FTD patients, GRN and MAPT variants were identified as the most common genetic associations; and rare causes like VCP, TARDBP, CHMP2B and FUS variants are recommended to be considered in patients with compatible clinical findings. © 2021Öğe Inflammatory rheumatic diseases developed after COVID-19 vaccination: presentation of a case series and review of the literature(Verduci Publisher, 2023) Akkuzu, G.; Bes, C.; Ozgur, D. S.; Karaaliolu, B.; Mutlu, M. Y.; Yildirim, F.; Atagunduz, P.OBJECTIVE: An increasing number of new on-set autoimmune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) after COVID-19 vaccination has begun to be reported in the literature. In this article, we present our patients with new-onset AIRD after vaccination for COVID-19 and review the literature on the subject. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of previously described newly developed AIRD in individuals recently vaccinated for COVID-19, in 22 cases vaccinated with one of the COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2 or CoronaVac) approved in our country. RESULTS: We collected 22 cases (14 female, 63.6%) that developed an AIRD after COVID-19 vaccination. Mean age was 53 +/- 14.4 (24-87) years. The interval between the last dose of vaccination and the development of the first complaint was 23.9 +/- 19.5 (4-90) days. CoronaVac was administered to four patients, and the BNT162b2 to 18 patients. AIRD-related symptoms developed in 12 patients after the first dose, in 8 patients after the second dose, and in two patients after the third dose. Twelve out of the 22 (54.5%) cases were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, two with SLE, and the remaining eight patients each with leukocytoclastic vasculitis, Sjogren's syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and inflammatory myositis, respectively. Six patients had a history of documented antecedent COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases may develop after COVID-19 vaccinations. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination should be questioned carefully in newly diagnosed AIRD patients.Öğe Relationship between serum vitamin D levels semen parameters and sperm DNA damage in men with unexplained infertility(Verduci Publisher, 2022) Gungor, K.; Gungor, N. D.; Basar, M. M.; Cengiz, F.; Ersahin, S. S.; Cil, K.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between serum level of vitamin D, semen analysis parameters and sperm DNA damage in men with unexplained subfertility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight men diagnosed with unexplained infertility and 50 age and BMI matched fertile men were included in the study. A participant whose semen parameter is normal but pregnancy is not achieved was accepted as unexplained male infertility. Blood samples were taken from all participants following three-day abstinence for measurement of vitamin D. Sperm DNA damage was assessed by Aniline Blue staining of the collected samples. RESULTS: Compared with the fertile men, male patients with unexplained infertility had significantly lower vit D levels (27.00 ng/mL (12.6339.3 0) vs. 23.66 ng/mL (7.50-55.00), p<0.004). While the number of patients with vitamin D levels lower than 20 ng/mL was 26 (44.8%) in the infertile group, it was recorded as 5 (10.0%) in the fertile group (p<0.001). DNA damage was found in 31.50% (9.0-71.0) of the infertile men and 26.00% (11.0-54.0) of the fertile men. DNA damage was found to be significantly higher in the unexplained infertile group (p<0.002). In men with unexplained male infertility, serum vit D levels were positively correlated with total sperm count (r = 0.527, p<0.001), total motility (r = 0.527, p<0.001) and sperm morphology (r = 0.416, p = 0.001). There was a negative and significant correlation between vit D levels and sperm DNA damage (r =-0.605, p<0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, serum vit D > 20 ng/mL led to an improvement in fertility outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Men with unexplained infertility exhibit decreased serum vit D levels and increased sperm DNA damage.Öğe Nidogen-2: A new biomarker in colon cancer patients(Edizioni Luigi Pozzi, 2022) Kiziltan, Remzi; Cikman, Oztekin; Algul, Sermin; Aydin, Mehmet Akif; Kemik, OzgurAIM: In the present study, we followed Nidogen-2 levels and clinicopathological parameters of patients with colon cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-eight patients (F/M, 43/45; Mean age +/- SD, 57.86 +/- 1.78 years) were included. The results of serum Nidogen-2 levels were shown with respect to stage, gender, age, and metastasis. Nidogen-2 levels in the sera of colon cancer patients and healthy donors were analyzed with ELISA. RESULTS: The expression levels were significantly higher in patients (1010.8 +/- 184.36 pg/mL) than in healthy subjects (51.85 +/- 1.44 pg/mL; p<0.001). Moreover, the Nidogen-2 expression significantly increased in the clinical stages of colon cancer (p<0.01). The Nidogen-2 levels did not vary by patient age or gender. DISCUSSION: Under normal conditions, Nidogen-2 is a basal membrane protein. Nidogen-2 is primarily expressed in the extracellular matrix. Nidogen-2 has been defined as a major means to analyze the molecular pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Besides its important functions, it has been hypothesized that secreted Nidogen-2 may be a diagnostic biomarker for cancer detection. CONLUSION: These findings suggest that increased expression of Nidogen-2 may have great pathological importance in the development of colon cancer and may also show a diagnostic value for colon cancer.Öğe Comparison of restorative materials and surface alterations after prebiotic and probiotic beverages: A nanoindentation and SEM study(Wiley, 2022) Eren, Meltem Mert; Ozan, Gunce; Bilmez, Zuhal Yildirim; Gurcan, Aliye Tugce; Yucel, Yasemin YucelThe purpose was to investigate the surface characteristics of various resin-based materials by immersing in probiotic beverages. A total of 420 disc-shaped samples (5 mm x 2 mm) were prepared from resin-based composites. Samples were divided into four groups and immersed for 10 min/day for 1 month in either a probiotic sachet, kefir, kombucha, or artificial saliva (control). Surface roughness was measured at baseline and 1 month. One sample of each of the tested materials was examined under nanoindentation to evaluate the reduced elasticity modulus and nanohardness scores. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare surface differences. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA test and the significance was set at p < .05. The lowest roughness scores were observed in Z250, Estelite Bulk Fill, and HRi ENA in most of the test groups. Among conventional composites, Z250 group had the highest nanohardness and elasticity modulus scores. Among bulk-fill composites, Estelite Bulk Fill Flow had the lowest surface roughness after immersion in probiotic beverages and the highest nanohardness values. Reveal HD, as a bulk-fill group showed higher surface roughness and considerably lower nanohardness and elasticity modulus scores. Maximum height levels of samples were recorded. SEM images revealed voids and microcracks on the surfaces of test materials. Dentists may prefer Z250 as microhybrid and Estelite Bulk Fill Flow as bulk-fill composites for the restorations of patients who consume gut-friendly drinks regularly. When there are various types of materials, nanoindentation is a useful method for evaluating surface alterations and sensible comparisons.Öğe Direct-to-Implant Retropectoral Dual Plane Approach With Autologous Inferior-Based Dermal Flap: Does SPY-Elite Laser Angiographic System Reduce Complication Rates?(Springer, 2024) Eroglu, Sinem; Buyukdogan, Hasan; Duran, AlpayPurposeThe study aims to investigate the complications and long-term outcomes associated with retropectoral DTI breast reconstruction with IDF utilizing the SPY-Elite laser angiographic system.Material and MethodThis retrospective study was conducted from June 2017 to January 2023. We examined 52 patients (85 breasts) treated with a direct-to-implant retropectoral dual plane approach with IDF implant coverage. Informed consent was duly obtained from every participant. Inclusion criteria dictated that patients should have medium to large breasts and a second or third degree of ptosis, as per the Regnault ptosis scale. During the intraoperative evaluation, the mastectomy flaps and IDF were assessed with the SPY-Elite laser angiographic system using near-infrared imaging. We recorded patient demographics, characteristic data, and complications.ResultsA total of 52 patients, aged 27 to 63, underwent 85 mastectomies using a direct-to-implant retropectoral approach with inferior dermal flap. The average age of the patients was 48, and their average body mass index was 30.8, with a range of 28 to 43. The distance from the nipple to the inframammary fold varied between 14 and 24 cm. The implants used had an average size of 275 cc, ranging from 250 to 650 cc. Textured anatomic implants with either moderate plus or high profile were used in all cases. The sternal notch to nipple distance for these patients ranged from 24 to 38 cm. During the evaluation using the SPY-Elite laser angiographic system, insufficient distal marginal perfusion was detected in five out of 85 inferior dermal flaps, measuring between 2 and 5 cm2. These areas were subsequently debrided, and the reconstructions were successfully completed, representing 5.8% of cases. No instances of necrosis related to IDF have been observed. There have been no failed assessments conducted by SPY ICG.In total, the complication rate was 15.2%, with minor complications occurring in 8.2% of the breasts (7 out of 85) and major ones in 7% (6 out of 85). The subjects were monitored for an average of 14 months, the duration ranging from 12 to 24 months.ResultsA total of 52 patients, aged 27 to 63, underwent 85 mastectomies using a direct-to-implant retropectoral approach with inferior dermal flap. The average age of the patients was 48, and their average body mass index was 30.8, with a range of 28 to 43. The distance from the nipple to the inframammary fold varied between 14 and 24 cm. The implants used had an average size of 275 cc, ranging from 250 to 650 cc. Textured anatomic implants with either moderate plus or high profile were used in all cases. The sternal notch to nipple distance for these patients ranged from 24 to 38 cm. During the evaluation using the SPY-Elite laser angiographic system, insufficient distal marginal perfusion was detected in five out of 85 inferior dermal flaps, measuring between 2 and 5 cm2. These areas were subsequently debrided, and the reconstructions were successfully completed, representing 5.8% of cases. No instances of necrosis related to IDF have been observed. There have been no failed assessments conducted by SPY ICG.In total, the complication rate was 15.2%, with minor complications occurring in 8.2% of the breasts (7 out of 85) and major ones in 7% (6 out of 85). The subjects were monitored for an average of 14 months, the duration ranging from 12 to 24 months. ConclusionInferior dermal flaps have considerable advantages, such as a natural autologous blood supply, a more realistic tissue thickness and texture, lower costs, and better tolerance to post-reconstruction radiation. Moreover, using the IDF technique and assessing the perfusion of IDF and mastectomy flaps through the SPY-Elite laser angiographic system appears to be a dependable, efficient way to achieve good cosmetic results in one operation, eliminating the need for additional surgeries.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.Öğe Propofol but not dexmedetomidine produce locomotor sensitization via nitric oxide in rats (November, 10.1007/s00213-020-05707-5, 2020)(Springer, 2021) Uskur, Tugce; Senoz, Ayse Ozcetin; Cevreli, Burcu; Barlas, Aydin; Uzbay, Tayfun[No abstract available]Öğe Investigation of the protective effect of gel incorporating Eugenia jambolana leaf extract on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis: an animal study (vol 148, pg 2153, 2022)(Springer, 2022) Aksoy, Nilay; Sen, Emine; Sukmasari, Susi; ozakpinar, ozlem Bingol; Aricioglu, Feyze; Yucel, Yasemin Yucel; Dumlu, Muhammet Ridvan[No abstract available]Öğe Selection of Aptamers for Metabolite Sensing and Construction of Optical Nanosensors(Humana Press Inc, 2016) Long, Yi; Pfeiffer, Franziska; Mayer, Gunter; Schroder, Tine Daa; Ozalp, Veli Cengiz; Olsen, Lars FolkeOptical nanosensors are based on particles with diameters from 20 to 200 nm containing sensory elements. The latter are comprised of one or more signaling molecules and one or more references, which allow measurements to be ratiometric and hence independent on the amount of sensor. The signaling molecules may range from simple ion-binding fluorophores, e.g., pH-sensitive dyes, to complex biochemical assays. Aptamers are ideal for use in nanosensors because they are relatively easy to modify chemically and hence to transform into signaling molecules, and their binding affinities may be fine-tuned to a desired measuring range in the selection process. Here we first describe the selection of metabolite binding aptamers, how they are transformed into signaling molecules using a molecular beacon construct and then how they are inserted into nanoparticles. Finally, we briefly describe how the sensors are calibrated before inserted into cells to measure metabolite concentration in real time. As examples we present aptamers binding to key metabolites in cells: ATP and fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate (FBP).Öğe Exploring free amino acid profiles in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients: Implications for disease progression(Wiley, 2024) Buyuktuna, Seyit Ali; Yerlitas, Serra Ilayda; Zararsiz, Goezde Ertuk; Dogan, Kuebra; Kablan, Demet; Bagci, Gokhan; Ozer, SeldaThis study investigated the intricate interplay between Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection and alterations in amino acid metabolism. The primary aim is to elucidate the impact of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) on specific amino acid concentrations and identify potential metabolic markers associated with viral infection. One hundred ninety individuals participated in this study, comprising 115 CCHF patients, 30 CCHF negative patients, and 45 healthy controls. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques were employed to quantify amino acid concentrations. The amino acid metabolic profiles in CCHF patients exhibit substantial distinctions from those in the control group. Patients highlight distinct metabolic reprogramming, notably characterized by arginine, histidine, taurine, glutamic acid, and glutamine metabolism shifts. These changes have been associated with the underlying molecular mechanisms of the disease. Exploring novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies addressing specific amino acids may offer potential means to mitigate the severity of the disease.Öğe A new and effective method for human retina optic disc segmentation with fuzzy clustering method based on active contour model (December, 10.1007/S11517-019-02032-8, 2019)(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Abdullah, Ahmad S.; Rahebi, Javad; Ozok, Yasa Eksioglu; Aljanabi, Mohanad[No abstract available]Öğe Classification of brain electrophysiological changes in response to colour stimuli(Springer, 2021) Goksel Duru, Dilek; Alobaidi, MayIn this study, the classification of ongoing brain activity occurring as a response to colour stimuli was managed and reported. Until now, the classification of the seen colour from brain electrical signals has not been investigated or reported in the related literature. In this study, we aimed to classify EEG brain responses corresponding to blue, green, and red coloured shapes. In addition to the current literature, we focused on ongoing EEG responses instead of using ERP metrics, with visual stimulus-related ERP metrics also compared throughout the study. The feature extraction process was carried out using the Fourier transform to obtain the conventional band power values of the EEG for each stimulus type. Delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma-band power values of each one-second period constituted the feature set. In addition to scalp measurements, a second feature set was obtained based on the inverse solution of the EEG waves. Furthermore, we applied one-way ANOVA for the feature selection prior to classification procedures. Four classifiers were implemented using the reduced feature set and the raw one as well. The differences between scalp responses were localized mainly around the temporal and temporoparietal regions. Our ERP-component findings support the fact that additional brain regions among the visual cortex participate in the colour categorization process of the brain. RGB colours were identified using 1 s EEG data. Ensemble-KNN and KNN achieved the highest accuracy values (93%) when used either with scalp spectral features or source space features.Öğe A framework for adopting gamified learning systems in smart schools during COVID-19(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Alsamawi, Farazdaq Nahedh; Kurnaz, SeferThe outbreak of COVID 19 has increased the anxiety and stress among teachers and students. This has increased the need for gamified learning systems (GLS) to make the educational process more attractive and increase the engagement as well as the participation of all stakeholders. The use of GLS in teaching and learning has not been deployed effectively in the educational systems in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors of using GLS in Iraqi smart schools. Building on the literature, a framework of GLS is proposed. Data used in this study were collected from 394 teachers and managerial staff in Iraqi smart schools and analysed using Partial Least Square. The findings showed that individuals and organizations are important predictors of using GLS, and their effects on BI are mediated by satisfaction. Readiness and performance expectancy are critical for adopting and using GLS by smart schools. In addition, the findings showed that gamification and self-efficacy are moderating variables. Important implications of the predictability of GLS using a combination of theories as well as the practical suggestions for decision makers to enhance the adoption of GLS among smart schools in Iraq are discussed. In the time of COVID-19, decision makers have suggested increasing gamification features of teaching and learning to reduce anxiety and achieve a better learning process.Öğe Fosciclopirox suppresses growth of high-grade urothelial cancer by targeting the γ-secretase complex(Springernature, 2021) Weir, Scott J.; Dandawate, Prasad; Standing, David; Bhattacharyya, Sangita; Ramamoorthy, Prabhu; Rangarajan, Parthasarathy; Wood, RobynCiclopirox (CPX) is an FDA-approved topical antifungal agent that has demonstrated preclinical anticancer activity in a number of solid and hematologic malignancies. Its clinical utility as an oral anticancer agent, however, is limited by poor oral bioavailability and gastrointestinal toxicity. Fosciclopirox, the phosphoryloxymethyl ester of CPX (Ciclopirox Prodrug, CPX-POM), selectively delivers the active metabolite, CPX, to the entire urinary tract following parenteral administration. We characterized the activity of CPX-POM and its major metabolites in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of high-grade urothelial cancer. CPX inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity and spheroid formation, and increased cell cycle arrest at S and G0/G1 phases. Mechanistically, CPX suppressed activation of Notch signaling. Molecular modeling and cellular thermal shift assays demonstrated CPX binding to gamma -secretase complex proteins Presenilin 1 and Nicastrin, which are essential for Notch activation. To establish in vivo preclinical proof of principle, we tested fosciclopirox in the validated N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) mouse bladder cancer model. Once-daily intraperitoneal administration of CPX-POM for four weeks at doses of 235mg/kg and 470mg/kg significantly decreased bladder weight, a surrogate for tumor volume, and resulted in a migration to lower stage tumors in CPX-POM treated animals. This was coupled with a reduction in the proliferation index. Additionally, there was a reduction in Presenilin 1 and Hes-1 expression in the bladder tissues of CPX-POM treated animals. Following the completion of the first-in-human Phase 1 trial (NCT03348514), the pharmacologic activity of fosciclopirox is currently being characterized in a Phase 1 expansion cohort study of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients scheduled for cystectomy (NCT04608045) as well as a Phase 2 trial of newly diagnosed and recurrent urothelial cancer patients scheduled for transurethral resection of bladder tumors (NCT04525131).Öğe Assessment of the exclusion potential of suspects by using microbial signature in sexual assault cases: A scenario-based experimental study(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2021) Karadayi, Sukriye; Arasoglu, Tulin; Akmayan, Ilkgul; Karadayi, BeytullahSexual assault offences are one of the most serious crimes committed against a person, typically rank only second to homicide, and represent one of the major challenges in forensic sciences. In some cases of sexual assault, there may be more than one suspect and the analysis of the biological evidence with currently available methods such as human DNA analysis may not yield results. In this study using the designed experimental model (with different experimental scenarios that can be designed), it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the microbiome profile for the identification of the offender by comparing the microbiome structures of the suspects' saliva samples with the mixed samples on the victim (saliva transmitted on breast skin) within the first 48 h after a sexual assault. For this purpose, a total of 44 samples was collected from four healthy females and four healthy males aged 20-50 years. Microbiome profiles of 44 samples in four groups containing saliva, breast skin and mixed samples were determined with the IIlumina HiSeq platform. Differentiation between samples were calculated by beta-diversity analysis methods by using QIIME software (v1.80). To compare the differentiation among samples and groups, unweighted UniFrac distance values were applied. Eight dominant microbial genera accounted for 86.15% of the total bacterial population in male saliva samples and were composed of Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Rothia, Streptococcus and Veillonella. These genera constituted 76.72% of the bacterial population in mixed samples, whereas they constituted 34.40% of the bacterial population in the breast skin samples. Results of this study show that bacterial DNA in saliva can be recovered from saliva transmitted breast skin within at least 48 h. In conclusion, it has been found that examination of the microbiota of the saliva transmitted to breast skin of a sexual assault victim as a forensic tool may have the potential to determine the offender of the incident among the suspects or to reduce the number of suspects. Supporting the results of this study with further studies using parameters such as different case models, different body regions, larger time periods and a higher number of participants will be beneficial to draw accurate conclusion of the judicial case. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
