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Öğe A novel design reconfigurable antenna based on the metamaterial for wearable applications(Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021) Al-Gburi, Mohaimen; İlyas, MuhammadA novel design of wearable antenna depending on metamaterials inspired-fractal Minkowski-shaped for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) applications is presented. The antenna consists of a conventional monopole and a Chebyshev transformer coupled with a unit cell of a fractal Minkowski curve to obtain three bands covering the ISM and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. To enhance the antenna performance, the authors proposed the Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) layer of 3×4 array is introduced into the design structure. The authors used material FR4 dielectric as a substrate to design the antenna with dimensions of 51mm x 45mm x 1.6mm and fed by a 50 Ω port. The Antenna performance is analyzed numerically using CST Microwave Studio (CSTMWS) depending the Finite Integral Technique (FIT). Various investigation analyses have carried out to verify optimum antenna performance. The proposed antenna realizes reconfiguration by using the PIN diode. In both cases (switching= ON, OFF) the antenna achieves good bandwidth, |S11|<-10dB, and excellent impedance matching.Öğe Evaluation of ultra-wideband in vivo radio channel and its effects on system performance(Wiley, 2019) İlyas, Muhammad; Uçan, Osman Nuri; Bayat, Oğuz; Nasir, Ali Arshad; Imran, Muhammad Ali; Alomainy, Akram; Abbasi, Qammer H.This paper presents bit-error-rate (BER) performance analysis and improvement using equalizers for an in vivo radio channel at ultra-wideband frequencies (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz). By conducting simulations using a bandwidth of 50 MHz, we observed that the in vivo radio channel is affected by small-scale fading. This fading results in intersymbol interference affecting upcoming symbol transmission, causing delayed versions of the symbols to arrive at the receiver side and causes increase in BER. A 29-taps channel was observed from the experimentally measured data using a human cadaver, and BER was calculated for the measured in vivo channel response along with the ideal additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh channel models. Linear and nonlinear adaptive equalizers, ie, decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and least mean square (LMS), were used to improve the BER performance of the in vivo radio channel. It is noticed that both the equalizers improve the BER but DFE has better BER compared to LMS and shows the 2-dB and 4-dB performance gains of DFE over the LMS at Eb/No = 12 dB and at Eb/No = 14 dB, respectively. The current findings will help guide future researchers and designers in enhancing systems performance of an ultra-wideband in vivo wireless systems.Öğe Experimental analysis of ultra wideband in vivo radio channel(Ieee, 2018) İlyas, Muhammad; Bayat, Oğuz; Abbasi, Qammer H.In this paper, we present the experimental analysis of in vivo wireless channel response on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) with the frequencies between 3.1 - 10.6 GHz. The analysis proves the location dependent based characteristics of in vivo channel. The results clearly show the highly multipath scenario. It can also be observed that the multipath effect of the channel is much higher in the denser areas, i.e. an antenna placed within the intestine area or inside the stomach. Results prove that in vivo channel is different from a conventional communication channel and therefore extensive studies need to be done to understand the channel.Öğe Indoor location estimation by using maximum likelihood estimation based algorithm on small cell networks(Altınbaş Üniversitesi, 2014) İlyas, Muhammad; Bayat, OğuzÖzet için ingilizce bölüme başvurunuz. Çevisi daha sonra eklenecektir.Öğe Indoor location estimation by using MLE based algorithm on smallcell networks(Ieee, 2015) İlyas, Muhammad; Bayat, Oğuz; İleri, ÖmerThis paper presents a new framework for indoor localization using third generation universal mobile telecommunication system (3G UMTS) Femtocell. The fingerprinting technique is applied to collect the RSSI values through an Android User Equipment (UE) and data is processed in real time using Message Queuing telemetry protocol (MQTT) server. To achieve better RF planning and optimization for the placement of Femto Access Point (FAP), statistical analysis is performed by normalizing and calculating the mean square error (MSE) of the acquired data. To maximize the success rate in finding the location of the person, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is used for tracking. Simulation was carried out both for randomly generated samples and real world test.Öğe Mathematical modeling of ultra wideband in vivo radio channel(Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2018) İlyas, Muhammad; Uçan, Osman Nuri; Bayat, Oğuz; Yang, Xiaodong; Abbasi, Qammer H.This paper proposes a novel mathematical model for an in vivo radio channel at ultra-wideband frequencies (3.1-10.6 GHz), which can be used as a reference model for in vivo channel response without performing intensive experiments or simulations. The statistics of error prediction between experimental and proposed model is RMSE = 5.29, which show the high accuracy of the proposed model. Also, the proposed model was applied to the blind data, and the statistics of error prediction is RMSE = 7.76, which also shows a reasonable accuracy of the model. This model will save the time and cost on simulations and experiments, and will help in designing an accurate link budget calculation for a future enhanced system for ultra-wideband body-centric wireless systems.Öğe Polygon number algorithm for peak-to-average ratio reduction of massive 5G systems using modified partial transmit sequence scheme(Wiley, 2021) Alkatrani, Hayder; İlyas, Muhammad; Alyassri, Salam; Nahar, Ali; Al-Turjman, Fadi; Rasheed, Jawad; Alshahrani, Ali; Al-Kasasbeh, BasilThe high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmit signal is a major shortcoming of OFDM systems, which results in band radiation and distortion due to the nonlinearity of the high-power amplifier (H.P). To resolve the traditional OFDM highPAPR issue, where the transmit sequence is designed to avoid similar data from being sent in the same order to reduce PAPR, there are numerous conventional ways for lowering the PAPR for OFDM system, such as selective mapping, tone reservation, block coding, filtering, clipping, and partial transmit sequence (PTS). This study proposes a new method called polygon number algorithm (PN) with conventional partial transmit sequence (C-PTS). This method (PN-PTS) processes the entered data before sending it, taking advantage of the number nonsimilarity according to the geometry of the number to prevent direct sending of similar data via PTS, and thus, this improved the level of PAPR rise in the proposed system. The amount of reduction that can be achieved in PAPR is up to 8 dB by different techniques. The best result obtained was the amount of reduction between the conventional method and the proposed method is 4.5683 where N = 64. Besides this, there is no transmission of side information (SI), which improves transmission efficiency. Finally, this method is easy in the calculation process and the ciphering and deciphering of data, which adds a few calculations.Öğe Real-time fuel truck detection algorithm based on deep convolutional neural network(Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020) Alsanad, Hamid R.; Uçan, Osman Nuri; İlyas, Muhammad; Khan, Atta Ur Rehman; Bayat, OğuzThis paper presents a new approach by training and improving a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on You Only Look Once version 2 (YOLOv2) to efficiently detect fuel trucks from images in embedded systems. The proposed method considers the entire image area for strong object detection compared with existing methods that only focus on the image area where the class object exists to predict its probability to be in a class. The loss function for CNN is improved to enhance effective learning, especially when only a limited amount of data is available for training. The class probability can be learned by improving the loss function although the anchor boxes are not in the center of the target object. The learning process of the model can be in a limited range and achieve rapid convergence although the sizes of the initial anchor and target boundary boxes are different. Experimental results of various fuel truck images show the efficiency of the proposed approach under different detection scenarios of real fuel trucks. The detection rate of the proposed method is approximately 4% higher than the YOLOv2 object detection method. The proposed method is suitable to monitor long country borders using unmanned drones.Öğe Ultra wideband in vivo channel modelling with respect to ex vivo antenna location(Ieee, 2019) İlyas, Muhammad; Bayat, Oğuz; İmran, Muhammad Ali; Abbasi, Qammer H.This article presents mathematical channel modeling for in-vivo communication in terms of the change in the position of the ex-vivo antenna at ultra wideband frequencies. It is shown that the location dependent characteristics are not only dependent on the in-vivo devices placed inside the human body but also the position of ex-vivo devices can impact the channel. Results are calculated using the mathematical model and curve fitting technique by calculation of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The statistics of error prediction among the measured data and the proposed model is RMSE = 14.46 for the right lateral and RMSE = 11.63 for the left lateral respectively. These results will help system designer in accurate link budget calculation for designing enhance implantable devices.
