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    Comparison of effects of dexmedetomidine and amifostine against X-ray radiation-induced parotid damage
    (Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2022) Şafak, Gökhan; Çeliker, Metin; Tümkaya, Levent; Mercantepe, Tolga; Rakıcı, Sema; Çınar, Seda; Yılmaz, Adnan; Terzi, Suat; Demir, Emine; Çelebi-Erdivanlı, Özlem; Özergin-Coşkun, Zerrin; Karakaş, Sibel; Birinci, Mehmet; Dursun, Engin
    Radiotherapy can be employed as a therapeutic modality alone in the early stages of cancer and is used together with other treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy in more advanced stages. However, exposure to ionizing radiation in association with radiotherapy afects several organs in the head and neck and can give rise to early and late side efects. Exposure to ionizing radiation used in radiotherapy is known to cause cell damage by leading to oxygen stress through the production of free oxygen radicals (such as superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen), depending on the total radiation dosage, the fractionation rate, radiosensitivity, and linear energy transfer. The purpose of the present study was to determine the potential protective role of a powerful and highly selective α2-adrenoreceptor agonist with a broad pharmacological spectrum against salivary gland damage induced by ionizing radiation exposure. Forty Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into fve groups—control, ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation+dexmedetomidine (100 µg/kg), ionizing radiation+dexmedetomidine (200 µg/kg), and ionizing radiation+amifostine (200 mg/kg). Following exposure to ionizing radiation, we observed necrosis, fbrosis, and vascular congestions in parotid gland epithelial cells. We also observed increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and cleaved Caspase-3 levels and a decrease in glutathione (GSH). In groups receiving dexmedetomidine, we observed necrotic epithelial cells, fbrosis and vascular congestion in parotid gland tissue, a decrease in MDA levels, and an increase in GSH. Dexmedetomidine may be a promising antioxidant agent for the prevention of oxidative damage following radiation exposure.
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    Effects of the pathological characteristics on the presence of multicentric thyroid tumors in the contralateral lobe
    (Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2022) Pamukcu, Muhammet; Demir, Emine; Aydin, Mehmet Akif
    Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pathological tumor characteristics on the presence of a multicentric tumor in the contralateral lobe in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Material and Methods: A total of 46 patients aged over 18 years who underwent total thyroidectomy due to PTC in our clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Patients' demographic data such as age and gender, preoperative USG findings, postoperative pathological findings, lobe localization, and the presence of nodules in the contralateral lobe were recorded. In addition, tumor size, presence of nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, vascular invasion and extrathyroidal spread of the tumor and the presence of lymph node metastasis were obtained from pathological reports. Patients were divided into two groups as multicentric and non-multicentric, and the data were compared between these groups. Results: The mean age of the patients was 44.9 +/- 12.3 years. Twenty-three patients had papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and 23 patients had papillary thyroid carcinoma. Postoperative pathological examination revealed multicentric PTCs in 15 patients . No statistically significant difference was found between patients with and without multicentric contralateral lobe tumors in terms of primary tumor diameter, nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, tumor necrosis, vascular invasion, extrathyroidal spread and lymph node metastasis (for all p>0.05). Discussion: The pathology of the tumor in the contralateral lobe of the primary nodule can be seen with preoperative USG in the majority of patients with PTC. The presence of a multicentric tumor in the contralateral lobe is not correlated with tumor size and pathological characteristics of the tumor.