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    Drugs with a negative impact on cognitive functions (Part 2): drug classes to consider while prescribing in CKD patients
    (2023) Hafez, Gaye; Malyszko, Jolanta; Golenia, Aleksandra; Klimkowicz-Mrowiec, Aleksandra; Ferreira, Ana Carina; Arıcı, Mustafa; Bruchfeld, Annette; Nitsch, Dorothea; Massy, Ziad A.; Pepin, Marion; Capasso, Giovambattista; Mani, Laila-Yasmin; Liabeuf, Sophie
    There is growing evidence that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment, especially due to vascular damage, blood-brain barrier disruption and uremic toxins. Given the presence of multiple comorbidities, the medication regimen of CKD patients often becomes very complex. Several medications such as psychotropic agents, drugs with anticholinergic properties, GABAergic drugs, opioids, corticosteroids, antibiotics and others have been linked to negative effects on cognition. These drugs are frequently included in the treatment regimen of CKD patients. The first review of this series described how CKD could represent a risk factor for adverse drug reactions affecting the central nervous system. This second review will describe some of the most common medications associated with cognitive impairment (in the general population and in CKD) and describe their effects.
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    Drugs with a negative impact on cognitive functions (part 3): antibacterial agents in patients with chronic kidney disease
    (2024) Liabeuf, Sophie; Hafez, Gaye; Pesic, Vesna; Spasovski, Goce; Bobot, Mickael; Maciulaitis, Romaldas; Bumblyte, Inga Arune; Ferreira, Ana Carina; Farinha, Ana; Malyszko, Jolanta; Pepin, Marion; Massy, Ziad A.; Unwin, Robert; Capasso, Giovambattista; Mani, Laila-Yasmin; CONNECT Action (Cognitive Decline in Nephro-Neurology European Cooperative Target)
    The relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cognitive function has received increased attention in recent years. Antibacterial agents (ABs) represent a critical component of therapy regimens in patients with CKD due to increased susceptibility to infections. Following our reviewing work on the neurocognitive impact of long-term medications in patients with CKD, we propose to focus on AB-induced direct and indirect consequences on cognitive function. Patients with CKD are predisposed to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to altered drug pharmacokinetics, glomerular filtration decline, and the potential disruption of the blood-brain barrier. ABs have been identified as a major cause of ADRs in vulnerable patient populations. This review examines the direct neurotoxic effects of AB classes (e.g. beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and metronidazole) on the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with CKD. We will mainly focus on the acute effects on the CNS associated with AB since they are the most extensively studied effects in CKD patients. Moreover, the review describes the modulation of the gut microbiota by ABs, potentially influencing CNS symptoms. The intricate brain-gut-kidney axis emerges as a pivotal focus, revealing the interplay between microbiota alterations induced by ABs and CNS manifestations in patients with CKD. The prevalence of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy in patients with CKD undergoing intravenous AB therapy supports the use of therapeutic drug monitoring for ABs to reduce the number and seriousness of ADRs in this patient population. In conclusion, elucidating AB-induced cognitive effects in patients with CKD demands a comprehensive understanding and tailored therapeutic strategies that account for altered pharmacokinetics and the brain-gut-kidney axis.
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    Efficacy of erythropoietin as a neuroprotective agent in CKD-associated cognitive dysfunction: A literature systematic review
    (2024) Barbieri, Michelangela; Chiodini, Paolo; Di Gennaro, Piergiacomo; Hafez, Gaye; Liabeuf, Sophie; Malyszko, Jolanta; Mani, Laila-Yasmin; Raso, Francesco Mattace; Pepin, Marion; Perico, Norberto; Simeoni, Mariadelina; Zoccali, Carmine; Tortorella, Giovanni; Capuano, Annalisa; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Capasso, Giovambattista; Paolisso, Giuseppe; CONNECT Action (Cognitive Decline in Nephro-Neurology European Cooperative Target) collaborators
    Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience mild cognitive impairment and other neurocognitive disorders. Studies have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor have neuroprotective effects in cell and animal models of nervous system disorders. Recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO), commonly used to treat anemia in CKD patients, could be a neuroprotective agent. In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the published studies investigating the cognitive benefits of rHuEPO treatment in individuals with reduced kidney function. We comprehensively searched Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 1990 to 2023. After selection, 24 studies were analyzed, considering study design, sample size, participant characteristics, intervention, and main findings. The collective results of these studies in CKD patients indicated that rHuEPO enhances brain function, improves performance on neuropsychological tests, and positively affects electroencephalography measurements. These findings suggest that rHuEPO could be a promising neuroprotective agent for managing CKD-related cognitive impairment.