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Öğe A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY TO DETERMINE TURKISH DENTAL PATIENTS’ PROBIOTIC KNOWLEDGE,ATTITUDE, AND CONSUMPTION STATUS(Termedia Publishing House Ltd., 2023) Yurdabakan, Zeliha Zuhal; Eren, Meltem MertIntroduction: Probiotics play a significant role in improving oral and dental health. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the probiotic knowledge, attitude, and consumption status of Turkish adult patients, who underwent dental treatment at a dentistry faculty. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included 509 participants, 281 females, and 228 males, who were 18 years of age or older. A printed face-to-face survey consisting of 18 questions was administered to patients. For statistical analyses, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Results: 78.4% of the participants were familiar with probiotics, but only 45.6% of them correctly knew its definition. Females had more probiotic awareness than males. The most common source of information about probiotics was the Internet. 23.8% of all participants were probiotic consumers, and 47.1% of participants who consumed probiotics were university graduates. 43.8% of female participants and 29.8% of males stated to use probiotics for gastrointestinal diseases, but only 11.4% of females and 8.3% of males claimed to use probiotics to support oral flora. Most of the participants consumed homemade yogurt/ ayran as a naturally fermented food. According to the participants, the most beneficial form of probiotics for oral and dental health was using it in the form of sachets or drops and natural foods, such as yogurt. Conclusions: More public education is required concerning the awareness and benefits for oral and dental health as well as consumption of probiotics to improve the general health of individuals, especially oral and dental health. © 2023 Polish Dental Association.Öğe Effects of chemo-therapeutic drugs used in head and neck cancers on submandibular glands of rats(Termedia Publishing House Ltd., 2022) Yurdabakan, Zeliha Zuhal; Özcan, İlknur; Solakoğlu, SeyhunIntroduction: Chemo-therapeutic drugs can cause morphological damages to the salivary glands. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze and elucidate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin, methotrexate (MTX), and adriamycin (ADR)-induced morphological changes on submandibular glands (SMGs) of the rats. Material and methods: Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups, with 8 rats per group. In the control group, 1 ml/kg 0.9% sterile saline solution; in the second group, 100 mg/kg dose of 5-FU; in the third group, 5 mg/kg dose of cisplatin; in the fourth group, 15 mg/kg dose of MTX; in the fifth group, 15 mg/kg dose of ADR were injected once a day for three consecutive days intra-peritoneally. In all groups, SMGs were excised, histopathological analyses were done using a light microscope, and total protein content was analyzed according to Lowry method. Data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn’s tests. Results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in gland weight and total protein content of the 5-FU, ADR, and cisplatin groups compared to that of the control (p < 0.001). However, the decrease in gland weight and total protein content of MTX group was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Acinus areas of 5-FU, ADR, cisplatin, and MTX groups were lower than that of the control significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusions: According to morphological parameters of our study, the most toxic effects were found to be caused by 5-FU, followed by ADR and cisplatin, while MTX presented the least toxic effects on the rats’ SMGs.Öğe Evaluation of the morphometry of the stylomastoid foramen in the Turkish population: a retrospective study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)(Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2022) Yurdabakan, Zeliha Zuhal; Okumuş, ÖzlemObjectives This study aimed to investigate the morphometric features of the stylomastoid foramen and the facial canal in the Turkish population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) retrospectively. Methods The randomly selected 479 patients aged from 8 to 87 years were examined, and a total of 958 CBCT images of the stylomastoid foramen (SMF) and facial canal (FC) were analyzed. The diameter of the SMF and FC at the mastoid segment and their relation to age, gender, and side were evaluated. Statistical analyzes were performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test, chi-squared test, Tukey's HSD, and Fisher Freeman Halton exact test. P values <0.05 were accepted as statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results The mean age of the patients was 40.49±19.73 years. The mean diameter of the right SMF was 2,24±0,58 mm, and 2,50±0,63 mm in females, and males. The mean diameter of the left SMF was 2,25±0,56 mm, and 2,44±0,62 mm in females, and males. The mean diameter of the right FC was 1.60±0,35 mm, and 1.70±0,34 mm in females, and males. The mean diameter of left FC was 1,55±0,35 mm, and 1,66±0,33 mm in females, and males. A statistically significant difference was found between the age groups in terms of the mean SMF and FC diameter on both sides (p<0.05). Conclusion Information obtained from this study regarding the morphometric features of the SMF and thereby FC may assist surgeons in treatment plans and reduce the risk of neuro-surgical complications.Öğe Evaluation of third molar maturity index by cone beam computed tomography in legal age estimation : a preliminary study(2023) Yurdabakan, Zeliha Zuhal; Karadayı, Beytullah; Yetimoğlu, NihalThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the third molar maturity index (I3M) for discriminating Turkish minors from adults, and its relationship with chronological age using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 122 CBCT scans of Turkish individuals (55 boys and 67 girls) aged 13 to 23 years were evaluated using the I3M cutoff value. Chronological age gradually decreased as the I3M value increased. The overall accuracy was 95.9%. The sensitivity and specificity of this test were 93.5% and 97.4%, respectively. Positive predictive value was 95.6%. The intraclass correlation coefficient values of the I3M for the intraobserver and interobserver agreements were 0.998 and 0.996, respectively. This study showed relatively higher reproducibility of measurements on CBCT scans than on panoramic radiographs in the literature. Cone beam computed tomography may be advantageous and preferred over panoramic radiographs in distinguishing the legal age threshold of 18 years according to Cameriere's method when a more extensive investigation is needed to support the solution of challenging and uncertain cases in forensic medicine.Öğe Evaluation of Trabecular Structure Using Fractal Analysis in Patients Taking Proton Inhibitors(Galenos Publ House, 2022) Ozel, Selale; Okumus, Ozlem; Yurdabakan, Zeliha ZuhalObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the trabecular bone structure in patients using proton pump inhibitors (PPI) by performing measurements with fractal analysis, mandibular cortical width (MCW) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) on panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study consists of 46 patients (20 males and 26 females) using PPI drugs regularly for at least 1 year and systemically healthy 46 persons (20 males, 26 females) as the control group. Fractal analysis was performed in five regions: the mandibular angle (ROI1), posterior mandible (ROI2), interdental area between apical of the second premolar and the first molar (ROI3), maxillary tuber region (ROI4), anterior mandible (ROI5). PMI and MCW as an indicative of osteoporosis, were measured on the panoramic radiographs. Results: For re-evaluated measurements, interobserver and intraobserver agreements were found to be 0.985 and 0.987, respectively. ROI2-4 (1.732, 1.334, 1.333; respectively) were significantly lower in PPI users, whereas, there was no significant in ROI1 (1.605) and ROI5 (1.694). The values MCW and PMI were not statistically significant in PPI users. Conclusion: Posterior region of the mandible, maxillary tuberosity and interdental region had lower trabecular microstructures in PPI users. The results of this study show that patients using PPI at least one year should be considered as regarding osteoporotic changes during dental treatment.Öğe Evaluation of trabecular structure using fractal analysis in patients taking proton pump inhibitors(2022) Özel, Şelale; Okumuş, Özlem; Yurdabakan, Zeliha ZuhalObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the trabecular bone structure in patients using proton pump inhibitors (PPI) by performing measurements with fractal analysis, mandibular cortical width (MCW) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) on panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study consists of 46 patients (20 males and 26 females) using PPI drugs regularly for at least 1 year and systemically healthy 46 persons (20 males, 26 females) as the control group. Fractal analysis was performed in five regions: the mandibular angle (ROI1), posterior mandible (ROI2), interdental area between apical of the second premolar and the first molar (ROI3), maxillary tuber region (ROI4), anterior mandible (ROI5). PMI and MCW as an indicative of osteoporosis, were measured on the panoramic radiographs. Results: For re-evaluated measurements, interobserver and intraobserver agreements were found to be 0.985 and 0.987, respectively. ROI2-4 (1.732, 1.334, 1.333; respectively) were significantly lower in PPI users, whereas, there was no significant in ROI1 (1.605) and ROI5 (1.694). The values MCW and PMI were not statistically significant in PPI users. Conclusion: Posterior region of the mandible, maxillary tuberosity and interdental region had lower trabecular microstructures in PPI users. The results of this study show that patients using PPI at least one year should be considered as regarding osteoporotic changes during dental treatment.Öğe Misconceptions about oral diagnosis and radiology among dental students: a questionnaire study(2023) Okumuş, Özlem; Yurdabakan, Zeliha ZuhalBackground: Misconceptions are learning deficits that may cause clinical judgments in a dental practice to be made incorrectly. Aim: This study aimed to identify and look into students' misconceptions regarding Oral Diagnosis and Radiology. Materials and methods: The fourth and fifth-grade students at the Altınbaş University Faculty of Dentistry were given a self-administered questionnaire that included multiple-choice questions about Oral Diagnosis/Medicine and Radiology. 106 students participated in the questionnaire and 50.9% of the participants were fourth-grade students, 49.1% of them were fifth-grade students. The questions were classified into two parts: five scenario-based questions and ten knowledge-based questions. Students' replies were evaluated for accuracy and confidence, and when a student was certain of giving an inaccurate response, misconceptions were noted. Two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney-U test (P = 0.05). Results: A total of 1590 responses were collected. Regarding the question type, scenario-based questions had more misconceptions (19.6%) than knowledge-based questions (18.4%). Depending on the question, the majority of misconceptions were seen in the questions about denture stomatitis (46.2%) and radiographic contrast (38.7%). Conclusions: To prevent misdiagnosis, it is essential to recognize and overcome misconceptions in Oral Diagnosis/Medicine and Radiology. Therefore this study assists students and lecturers in defining misconceptions and organizing precautions to avoid and fix them.Öğe Morphometric assessment of sphenoid sinus ostium by cone-beam computed tomography: A retrospective study(2022) Okumuş, Özlem; Yurdabakan, Zeliha ZuhalObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sizes of the sphenoid sinuses ostia, the distance between them, and the distance between the lateral margin of the sphenoid sinuses ostia and the anterolateral wall of the sinuses in the Turkish population. Methods: The analysis was performed as a retrospective study of 240 cone-beam computed tomography scans of patients using NNT Viewer software program (CeflaGroup, Verona, Italy). Patients over 18 years old with no pathologies present in the sphenoid sinuses were included in the study. Patients who had suffered from head trauma or undergone nasal, orbital, or cranial basis surgery were excluded from the study. Results: The mean size of both sphenoid sinuses ostia was 2.18 ± 0.42 mm for females and 2.26 ± 0.53 mm for males. The mean distance between both sphenoid sinuses ostia was 6.19 ± 2.10 mm for females and 6.87 ± 2.10 mm for males. The mean distance between the lateral margin of the sphenoid sinuses ostia and the anterolateral wall of the sinuses was 9.66 ± 2.06 mm for females and 10.61 ± 1.95 mm for males. There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left ostium sizes of males and females. Right ostium diameters of cases over 45 years of age were statistically significantly higher than those under 45 years of age. Conclusion: Intraoperative identification of sphenoid sinus ostium is difficult, and its inadequate excision could lead to potential iatrogenic complications. Therefore, detailed morphometric measurements in populations are needed to perform safe and effective procedures.Öğe Performance of chat generative pretrained transformer and bard on the questions asked in the dental specialty entrance examination in turkey regarding bloom’s revised taxonomy(AVES, 2024) Turunç Oğuzman, Rana; Yurdabakan, Zeliha ZuhalObjective: This study aimed to compare the performance of chat generative pretrained trans- former (ChatGPT) (GPT-3.5) and Bard, 2 large language models (LLMs), through multiple-choice dental specialty entrance examination (DUS) questions. Methods: Dental specialty entrance examination questions related to prosthodontics and oral and dentomaxillofacial radiology up to 2021, excluding visually integrated questions, were prompted into LLMs. Then the LLMs were asked to choose the correct response and specify Bloom’s taxonomy level. After data collection, the LLMs’ ability to recognize Bloom’s taxonomy levels and the correct response rate in different subheadings, the agreement between LLMs on correct and incorrect answers, and the effect of Bloom’s taxonomy level on correct response rates were evaluated. Data were analyzed using McNemar, Chi-square, and Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact tests, and Yate’s continuity correction and Kappa agreement level were calculated (P < .05). Results: Notably, the only significant difference was observed between ChatGPT’s correct answer rates for oral and dentomaxillofacial radiology subheadings (P = .042; P < .05). For total prosth- odontic questions, ChatGPT and Bard achieved correct answer rates of 35.7% and 38.9%, respec- tively, while both LLMs achieved a 52.8% correct answer rate for oral and dentomaxillofacial radiology. Moreover, there was a statistically significant agreement between ChatGPT and Bard on correct and incorrect answers. Bloom’s taxonomy level did not affect the correct response rates significantly. Conclusion: The performance of ChatGPT and Bard did not demonstrate a reliable result on DUS questions, but considering rapid advancements in these LLMs, this performance gap will probably be closed soon, and these LLMs can be integrated into dental education as an interactive tool.Öğe The morphometric analysis of mastoid foramen and mastoid emissary canal on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)(2023) Yurdabakan, Zeliha Zuhal; Okumuş, Özlem; Orhan, KaanPurpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and morphometric features of the mastoid foramen (MF) and mastoid emissary canal (MEC) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), as well as their relationship with age, sex, and side. Methods: CBCT scans of 500 patients aged 8-87 years were examined retrospectively. The presence and number of MF, mean diameter of the MEC and MF, MF location, and the distance between MF and asterion were all examined. The collected data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. P values < 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Results: The study included 472 patients. MF was present in 82% and absent bilaterally in 18% of the 472 patients. The prevalence of MF was 67.8% on the right side and 65.7% on the left. The mean diameter of the MF was 3.39 ± 1.48 mm and the number of the MF ranged from zero to four. The mean diameter of the MEC was 2.05 ± 1.06 mm and the distance between MF and asterion was 22,46 ± 5,18 mm. 52.4% of the MF was observed on the occipito-mastoid suture. Conclusion: To prevent surgical complications, particularly those that concern the temporal and mastoid areas, radiologists should report the results of the preoperative examination of the morphometry of the MF and MEC. CBCT imaging is a reliable diagnostic method that can be used to evaluate the MEC and MF before surgical procedures.
