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A Novel Flip-Filtered Orthagonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Based Visible Light Communication System: Peak-to-Average-Power Ratio Assessment and System Performance Improvement
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Hujijo, Hayder S. R.; Ilyas, Muhammad
Filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM), employed in visible light communication (VLC) systems, has been considered a promising technique for overcoming OFDM’s large out-of-band emissions and thus reducing bandwidth efficiency. However, due to Hermitian symmetry (HS) imposition, a challenge in VLC involves increasing power consumption and doubling inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT/FFT length. This paper introduces the non-Hermitian symmetry (NHS) Flip-F-OFDM technique to enhance bandwidth efficiency, reduce the peak–average-power ratio (PAPR), and lower system complexity. Compared to the traditional HS-based Flip-F-OFDM method, the proposed method achieves around 50% reduced system complexity and prevents the PAPR from increasing. Therefore, the proposed method offers more resource-saving and power efficiency than traditional Flip-F-OFDM. Then, the proposed scheme is assessed with HS-free Flip-OFDM, asymmetrically clipped optical (ACO)-OFDM, and direct-current bias optical (DCO)-OFDM. Concerning bandwidth efficiency, the proposed method shows better spectral efficiency than HS-free Flip-OFDM, ACO-OFDM, and DCO-OFDM.
A fast and efficient machine learning assisted prediction of urea and its derivatives to screen crystal propensity with experimental validation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Güleryüz, Cihat; Sumrra, Sajjad H.; Hassan, Abrar U.; Mohyuddin, Ayesha; Noreen, Sadaf; Elnaggar, Ashraf Y.
Predicting crystal propensity is crucial yet challenging in various industries where it significantly influences product stability, performance, and efficacy. Predicting a crystal propensity identifies their optimal chemical structures for desired properties including solubility, bioavailability, shelf-life stability etc. Herein, A machine learning (ML) assisted analysis is performed to predict their crystal propensity by collecting a dataset of 6000 non-crystalline and over 200 crystalline urea and its derivatives. The data is trained by employing a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with its Radial Basis Function (RBF) and linear kernels along with Random Forest regression analysis. The trained data is compared with four other ML models, including Linear Regression, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest and Decision Tree Regressions to predict their crystal propensity. It yields an accuracy of 79 % for identifying their non-crystalline compounds and 59 % in predicting crystallization failure. Their dimensionality reduction via t-SNE reveals their distinct clustering patterns to underscore their complex interplay between molecular structure and crystal propensity. Their experimental validation also corroborates the current findings to demonstrate their efficacy to streamline their crystal engineering for pharmaceutical formulation-based workflows. Notably, the number of rotatable bonds and molecular connectivity index (χov) emerges as pivotal descriptors for enabling their accurate classification with minimal input features. This study elucidates its quantitative structure-crystallinity relationship to provide a valuable tool for crystal design and optimization.
Activation of Proteolysis During Oocyte In Vitro Maturation
(2025) Tepeköy, Filiz; Bulut, Berk; Karaöz, Erdal
In vitro maturation (IVM) is a form of assisted reproductive technology (ART) applied to obtain mature oocytes in culture. Decline in IVM success rates by age has led consideration of novel approaches based on cellular dynamics. Our aim was to achieve proteostasis in old bovine oocytes from 13 to 16-year-old bovine with a lower potential for fertilization. Lysosomal activation was achieved through increasing concentrations of proton pump activators PIP2 (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 μM), PMA (0.1, 1, 10, and 50 μM), and DOG (0.1, 1, 10, and 50 μM) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h of IVM in old bovine oocytes. Morphological analysis was performed and IVM rates were determined. DQ-Red BSA was applied to live oocytes to determine proteolytic activation while lysosome density was determined by Lysotracker probe. Protein carbonylation was detected through oxyblot analysis. Polar body extrusion (PBE), through which a haploid nonfunctional polar body is released in the perivitelline space after completion of the first meiotic division, was observed in PIP2-0.1 μM, -0.5μM-6h; PIP2-5μM-12h; PMA-0.1μM-18h; PIP2-0.1μM, -0.5μM-24h groups. Oocyte diameter was the highest in DOG-1μM-6h, PMA-0.1μM-12h, PIP2-1μM-18h, and PIP2-0.5μM-24h groups. Morphological scores of oocytes were higher in young and old control groups. PIP2, PMA, and DOG affected oocyte quality positively after 6 h of IVM yielding in oocyte scores similar to the control group oocytes. However, they had a negative impact on the oocyte scores in longer periods of IVM, except for lower doses PMA (0.1 and 1 μM) at 12 h and PIP2 (0.5 μM) and PMA (0.1 μM) at 18 h, which were able to maintain the scores relatively closer to the control oocytes. Proteolytic activation was achieved in all groups at 6 h of culture. At all other time points PIP2 and PMA groups showed a better response to proteolytic activation. Lysosome density was increased in PIP2-5μM-6h; PIP2-0.1μM, -1μM-12h; PIP2-1μM, -5μM-18h as well as PMA-0.1μM-6h; PMA-1μM, -10μM-12h; PMA-1μM-18h; DOG-50μM-6h and DOG-0.1μM-12h. Protein carbonylation was the lowest in PIP2-0.1 μM groups at 12, 18, and 24 h. This study suggests that proton pump activators PIP2 and PMA was found to have a positive impact on IVM in terms of both morphological scores and proteolytic activation in a time and dose dependant manner.
Enhancing Content-Based Image Retrieval with a Stacked Ensemble of Deep Learning Models
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Zeain, Abdulrahman; Ibrahim, Abdullahi Abdu
Our research paper delves into an innovative exploration of content-based image retrieval (CBIR), harnessing the capabilities of deep learning models to transform the way images are searched and accessed in extensive databases. The primary goal of our study is to create an ensemble stacking model that synergizes the strengths of various deep learning architectures, thereby boosting the accuracy and efficiency of image retrieval processes. We utilize the Corel Images dataset, rich in diverse visual themes, to test and validate our model's efficacy. Our research methodology encompasses four key stages: data preprocessing, model training with DenseNet, MobileNet, and Inception-ResNet, followed by an in-depth evaluation of the model. The approach demonstrates the effectiveness of our ensemble model as it achieves a high accurate rate of 97 % exceeds the benchmarks set by the individual models in our compare and differential analyses. Moreover, the manuscript investigates the model's technical detail, such as the feature extraction, runtime with different images, and scalability to more massive datasets. The eulogy for the model's performance in the performance evaluation section encapsulates the functional performance and the practicality of CBIR efficacy.
Diagnosis of Epileptic seizures and Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy using Artificial Intelligence based on EEG signal: A review
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Kadhim, Ezzaddin; Al-Jumaili, Saif; Uçan, Osman Nuri
The brain is the nucleus for cognition and controls voluntary and involuntary activities inside the human body. Any neurological illness, regardless of its cause, will impair the brain's functionality. Certain neurological illnesses manifest symptoms as seizures. Epilepsy and Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) are the most similar disorders in symptoms, but at the neurological level, they are two completely different disorders. This difference is measured at the level of neural activity, as Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most distinctive tools used to measure neural activity in the brain. Experts use EEG to diagnose disorders through recorded brain activity, including seizures, but the diagnosis process consumes much time and effort. Adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to extract the patterns of brain illnesses is a more efficient process for diagnosing disorders because it depends on computing and, thus, has high accuracy in diagnosing brain illnesses. In this research, we reviewed the most effective stages and methods adopted by researchers to diagnose brain disorders based on EEG and artificial intelligence techniques.
Ulubelenolide: A New triterpene lactone from Tanacetum chiliophyllum (Fisch. & Mey.) var. monocephalum Grierson
(ACG Publications, 2015) Polatoğlu, Kaan; Gören, Nezhun
A further investigation on Tanacetum chilliophyllum var. monocephalum ethyl acetate extract afforded a new triterpene lactone Ulubelenolide (olean-12-ene-3β,10β-olide) (1).The structure of (1) was determined with spectral analysis including FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR, APT, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and APCI-MS. © 2015 ACG Publications. All rights reserved.
Planning in capitalism: Historical and social analysis
(TURKIYE ORTADOGU AMME IDARES IENSTITUSU, 2014) Uç, Asli Yilmaz
Liberal political theory reproduces the dichotomy of politics - economy/state - society in terms of planning - market. Planning is advocated to be a conscious/collective will, fighting against the unconscious and individualistic characteristic of the market. Therefore, planning is believed to have a reason/intelligence in its own which is immune to the market. However, the planning history of capitalism shows that the genesis and the development of planning lies on the basis of market dynamics, which is the founding mechanism of capitalistic production. In other words, planning, which is claimed to be an artificial intelligence immune to the market by liberals, is a superstructural institution, shaped by both form of production and the socio-economic development of economy. In this study, planning is claimed to be a historical and social concept. Planning as a unique form of administration is a product of social relations of production. In this context, planning is differentiated in essence in between capitalist and socialist form of production and the form of planning is reproduced on the basis of the capital accumulation process. The difference in terms of essence lies on the functionality of planning in each form of production: founding or regulatory function. Essential difference necessitated the re-establishment of conceptual categories on the basis of the concept of planning: planning as a founding function of administration in socialism is categorized as planning as a system; whereas planning as a regulatory function in capitalism is categorized as planning as a policy. Planning system - planning policy, has proposed an alternative methodological perspective against the liberal planning - market dichotomy.
An account of the first ten years of the Turkey-European Union negotiations (2005-2015)
(Ahmet Yesevi University, 2016) Erhan, Çağri; Akdemir, Erhan
This article examines the first 10 years (2005-2015) of the membership negotiations between Turkey and the European Union. The main reason for examining this period is that it covers the initial negotiations and the most recent period of the possible membership of Turkey in the EU. This article includes a brief history of the negotiations, the decision to initiate the negotiations, and the initial negotiations. In addition, the pace of the negotiations are evaluated and the future of the negotiations are predicted based on the assessment of the current stage in the negotiations. In this context, European Union progress reports will also be analysed in depth. © 2016, Ahmet Yesevi University. All rights reserved.
The role of the clinical pharmacist in supportive care
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Aksoy, Nilay
Supportive care is a multidisciplinary medical field centered around the prevention and treatment of complications and enhancing the quality of life for patients with severe or chronic disease and their families. Supportive care aims to provide appropriate pain and symptom management, to support families and enhance relationships by relieving and sharing their load, and to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of possible care strategy and assess them in the light of the patient's priorities and values. Pharmacists can lead successfully in supportive care services through ensuring the safe compounding, preparation, and delivery of chemotherapy, by leading educational programs, by boosting and encouraging patients to adhere to chemotherapy and supportive therapy protocols, and by closely evaluating and assessing the prescribed drug to reduce drug-related problems. This chapter describes the comprehensive minutiae of supportive care for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in addition to summarizing alternative supportive care for alopecia, neutropenia, gastrointestinal toxicity, etc. and emphasizes the significant role of clinical pharmacists in providing this care. © 2021 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Global risk aversion spillover dynamics and investors’ attention allocation
(Central University of Finance and Economics, 2017) Ceylan, Özcan
This paper investigates market-wide risk aversion in an international setting. Particularly, this empirical study evaluates risk aversion spillover dynamics as an uncertainty transmission mechanism for the period 2000-2015 to reveal if there has been a significant change in these dynamics when markets are going through turbulent periods. As a plausible proxy for risk aversion, variance risk premium (VRP) is computed through the difference between expected variances under risk-neutral and physical measures for seven markets studied: United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Netherlands, Switzerland and Japan. Effects of a shock to U.S. VRP on the other markets’ VRPs are evaluated through Generalized Forecast Error Variance Decomposition. Results show that risk aversion spillovers from U.S. to other markets are stronger while the U.S. is going through turbulent periods confirming the intuition that investors are more focused on incidents in the turbulent market. Markets become more connected in terms of sentiments when a country is unexpectedly hit by a major crisis, limiting diversification opportunities. © 2017, Central University of Finance and Economics. All rights reserved.
Political Music in Turkey: The Birth and Diversification of Dissident and Conformist Music (1920-2000)
(Oxford University Press, 2020) Avcı, Mustafa
[No abstract available]
"Paid domestic work" as a tool for achieving gender equality or reproducing gender inequality
(Peter Lang AG, 2020) Taşkiran, Gülçin
Women's participation in the labour force has always been a problematic issue within the capitalist system. This study addressed the issue of "women (individual employers) who need the labour of another woman to work and exist in public space" and "women who labour in the private spaces of other women to make a living". Also, the study handled the role conflicts emerging in this interdependence relationship and the conflict of two female workers with different levels of income. Therefore, by using semi-structured in-depth interviews in the light of qualitative findings, the study investigated the role conflicts between two groups of women, one of which consists of 8 women who do housework and childcare as domestic workers and the other involving 6 women who are both registered in the system as their employers and also involved in the labour force as workers. According to the field findings, having women's free-of-charge housework and childcare at home done by another woman by purchasing their labour force has led to the reproduction of gender inequality, in exchange for money. In this case, housework and childcare remain as women's work. Gender equality is warranted only for women of the upper-middle class, who have this work done by other women of the lower class, instead of doing it themselves. The private space of the owner of the house is a public space for women working in home services. In this case, the house is the place where class conflict is produced with the private space/public space conflict and gender inequality is reproduced. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2020. All rights reserved.
Graphene-based electrochemical aptasensors
(Wiley Blackwell, 2019) Ozalp, V. Cengiz; Karabiyik, Göktuğ; Bayrac, A. Tahir; Uçak, Samet; Tuna, Bilge G.
Graphene has remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical characters and has been widely used in biosensor development. Various graphene-based materials, including graphene oxide (GO), an aqueous dispersible oxygenated derivative of graphene, have been widely successfully utilized in molecular hybrids or biocompatible scaffolds or substrates, and patterned carbon films after being chemically reduced or modified to tune the material properties. Aptamers are short oligonucleotides that bind targets with high specificity and affinity (in the nanomolar or picomolar ranges). Aptamers have been selected for targets with varying degrees of complexity, from small molecules to whole cells or tissues. Aptamers have high potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, with many advantages when compared with antibodies, including their smaller size-which improves access to biological environments "hidden" from antibodies-their lack of immunogenicity, and the lower cost and higher reproducibility of nucleotide production. In addition, aptamers can be chemically modified to become more stable, labeled with fluorophores or other reporters, and can be easily truncated to eliminate sequences not important for interaction. These valuable properties make aptamers flexible and powerful tools for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this chapter, we plan to focus on graphene-aptamer combinations in order to obtain selective and highly sensitive biosensors for medical and food safety purposes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Determination of visitor expectations in the scope of sustainable tourism: The case of konya/sille
(Peter Lang AG, 2019) Ertaş, Şebnem; Sönmez, Elif
Culture tourism is a tourism activity which is fed by cultural treasures. Konya and its surroundings is an important tourism destination in Turkey with its tourism resources. With its 5000 years old history, its cultural diversity and its rich cultural heritage, Sille as a valley of history and culture, is an important tourism corridor for Konya. This article has been prepared depending on data collected through a survey study with 125 visitors who visited Sille in 2015. It was aimed at identifying resource values for Sille with the obtained data, through the determination of the expectations of domestic and foreign tourists to the area in order to enliven tourism at Sille and by attracting attention on its tourism potential. © Peter Lang AG 2019.
CASE STUDY: DO DATABASE SOURCES AFFECT ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF ROOF COVERINGS?
(ZEMCH Network, 2018) Subaşı, Ayşe Bayazıt; Taş, Elçin Filiz
Because of usage of finite and limited sources unconsciously, especially after industrial revolution and increase in industrial and chemical facilities, there are environmental issues such as global warming, water pollution and ozone depletion. When the construction sector and its environmental impact are concerned, first of all, the building itself creates a negative effect by vanishing the vegetation and flora where it settles. Building destroys as much the soil and the ecosystem as the area of the settlement. Nevertheless, during the construction period, environmental impacts continue as the energy used and the process during production of construction materials. During the production processes of construction materials, there are emissions to air, to soil and to water. For designers and architects, and actors in construction sector, selection of construction materials is an important issue. Recently many construction materials manufacturers have been announcing their Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) in which the environmental impacts are measured. Construction materials that have an EPD can be compared to each other in seven categories in terms of environmental performance. However, these seven categories measured by different units; for instance, Global Warming Potential (GWP) measured in [kgCO2-Eq], while ODP (Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer) in [kg CFC11-Eq.]. Since comparing construction materials with seven indicators is difficult, some institutions developed databases for researchers to unify the results by determining the shadow cost for each category. Institutions such as Institut Bauen und Umwelt (IBU), Nederlands Instituut voor Bouwbiologie and Ecologie (NIBE), SBRCURnet (SBR: Referentiedetails voor op de bouwplaats) are examples used in this study. This study questions whether the source of data where the shadow costs are taken influences the results or not? While conducting this study, first of all, values stated in EPDs are used to make calculations and comparisons to evaluate the environmental performances. Then, shadow costs are applied to impact categories to unite the results and to make comparison in terms of one indicator; i.e. costs. Finally, a comparison carried out to analyze the effects of different shadow cost data sets on environmental performances of construction materials. As a conclusion, it is observed that the environmental impact costs vary from region to region, from culture to culture, from country to country. Therefore, in this paper, it is aimed to study whether there is an effect of choosing different database on environmental performance of construction materials or not. © 2018 ZEMCH. All Rights Reserved.
Source characteristics and advertising effectiveness: The roles of message processing motivation and product category knowledge
(2011) Yilmaz, Cengiz; Eser Telci, E.; Bodur, Muzaffer; Iscioglu, Tutku Eker
[No abstract available]
Streptococcus mutans adhesion to dental restorative materials after polishing with various systems: A confocal microscopy study
(Interamerican Society for Electron Microscopy (CIASEM), 2021) Mert Eren, M.; Ozan, G.; Erdemir, U.; Vatansever, C.
Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on restoration surfaces could lead to secondary caries and even inflammation of pulpal nerve. Finishing and polishing procedures are crucial to form resistance of materials to bacterial adhesion. The aim of the present study is to compare Streptococcus Mutans (S. mutans) adhesion on restorative materials polished with one-or multi-step systems. 2x5 mm disc-shaped samples were prepared from a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), a compomer, a conventional flowable composite and two flowable bulk-fill composites. Specimens of each group were divided into two groups according to polishing systems (n = 9): One-step (OG) or Multi-step (SL) systems. Surface roughness values were examined by profilometry and one sample of each group were examined for bacterial on confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). S. mutans counts were calculated by broth cultivation. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni/Dunn tests. Two flowable bulk-fill composites showed superior roughness values than the conventional flowable and RMGI. Specimens polished with OG system had no significant difference among bacterial counts (p>0.05). After polishing with SL system, Tetric Evo Bulk Flow showed significantly the lowest bacterial adhesion followed by the RMGI and the compomer. CLSM images were in consistent with microbiological culture. All tested materials had lower bacterial adhesion when polished with multi-step system. Multi-step systems should be used with flowable bulk-fill composites to have optimum results in terms of lowering bacterial adhesion and improving surface properties. CLSM images supplies accordance with broth culture of S. mutans thus, this method could be useful on detecting bacterial adhesion. © 2021, Interamerican Society for Electron Microscopy (CIASEM). All rights reserved.
The use and selection of design of experiments (DoE) in the development of drug product formulation
(Marmara University, 2017) Demir, Önder; Aksu, Buket; Özsoy, Yildiz
In recent years, despite of the increasing use of design of experiments (DoE) in the development of drug product formulation, it has still not been sufficient. It has been known that using DoE is very useful particularly formulation of solid and semi-solid dosage forms including many components and many process parameters with unknown effect on outputs. Proper use and selection of the DoE is also important at least as using DoE in the development of drug product formulation instead of the old approaches such as trial and error. Non-correctly selected type of DoE or inappropriately applied experiments and measurements results not only wasted resources and time, but also often produces confusing or misleading data. In this review, summary information about DoE, selection of suitable type of DoE, reduction of the number of factors by using statistical screening and optimization of the drug formulations using response surface modeling (RSM) are intended to give, also briefly mentioned about the application of these methods in the development of pharmaceutical formulation. A lot of quality information (mathematical models) can be produced from the few trials conducted by means of selecting and implementation of the correct type of DoE. Thus, the development time and cost can be reduced significantly. Developed product may also have a robust process which is not sensitive to variations. © 2017, Marmara University. All rights reserved.
The cinematic image as an architectural conductor: A mediated hint from future architecture
(Intellect Ltd., 2016) Kavakoğlu, Ayşegül Akçay
[No abstract available]
Addressing the gap between pharmacy education and practice
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020) Aksoy, Nilay
The heath care process is straggling with complexity, yielding the necessity for multidisciplinary approaches involving all health care providers as well as social scientists and well-rounded pharmacists. The discrepancy between training and practice makes it difficult to undertake these approaches. It has become apparent that pharmacy education needs to respond to professional and social changes and renew its mission in terms of students and learning objectives. "In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice, but in practice there is," stated Manfred Eigen. This chapter will focus on approaches for bridging the theory-practice gap. First of all, these differences can be resolved by carrying out realistic research. Pharmacy institutions should perform advanced research to determine the needs and to promote and support the practice. Numerous literature studies support the proposition to include pharmacists in inter-professional primary health care teams. Country-based research will help confirm whether the training system and education obtained by pharmacy students is sufficient to promote a positive attitude toward potential integration into primary health care. Second, common, clear, and compelling outcomes should be established based on previous studies, and education should be standardized accordingly. A well-rounded student of pharmacy is created by a high-quality pharmacy school, a well-formed curriculum that meets the requirements, and a highly effective style and method of education. The curriculum of apprenticeships should be improved. The enhancement of apprenticeship programs should not be limited to increasing the number of apprenticeship courses, but should also extend to the quality of their content. Simulation training can play an important role in upscaling and improving pharmacy learning productivity and in overcoming the barrier of limited real-field learning. Lastly, the disparity between community-based and hospital-based apprenticeships and the courses attributed to graduates must be reduced to provide compatibility with pharmacy practice. Inter-professional education (IPE) should be introduced into the curriculum. One of the major obstacles to the success of the pharmacist in providing primary health care is presented when the pharmacist is directly involved in patient care and this role is ignored by other health care providers. Inter-professional education prepares students for collaborative thinking and practice. Building this collaborative project through education has a major impact on bridging the gaps between different providers of primary health care. In summary, the recommendations proposed include: continuing professional development (CPD) to enhance the workforce, incorporating technologies and software in pharmacy education, evaluating the education process from different aspects (students, practitioners, primary health care providers), restructuring the curriculum according to research feedback, and finally, effectively collaborating with other health care providers ("One hand can't clap alone"). © 2020 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

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