Kızılay’ın Türkiye’de İkinci Dünya Savaşı döneminde askeri sağlık hizmetlerine yönelik faaliyetleri
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
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Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Giriş: Tarihsel geçmişi 1868’e uzanan Kızılay’ın temel kuruluş amacı, savaş yaralılarına bakarak insanlığa hizmet etmek olmuştur. Kızılay, İkinci Meşrutiyet ile teşkilatlanmasını arttırmış ve yıllarca süren savaşlarda askeri sağlık hizmetleri içinde yer almıştır. Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşuyla birlikte barış ortamı sağlanmış ancak savaşın getirdiği göç, salgın hastalık, açlık ve yoksulluklar içinde kalan halkın yaralarını sarmak hiç de kolay olmamıştır. Avrupa, 1930’lu yılların sonuna doğru adım adım savaşa sürüklenirken, Türkiye, bu savaşın dışında kalmayı hedeflemiştir. Amaç: Türkiye II. Dünya Savaşı’na fiili olarak girmese de Türk ordusu savaşa hazırlanmış, Kızılay da bu hazırlıkların içinde yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada savaş hazırlıkları kapsamında Kızılay’ın askeri sağlık hizmetlerine yönelik faaliyetlerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma yöntemi olarak veri toplama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda 1939-1945 yılları arasında Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi, Kızılay Arşivi, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediye Arşivi ve dönemin geçerli mevzuatı incelenmiştir. Aynı dönem Cumhuriyet, Ulus, Vatan ve Akşam gazeteleri taranmıştır. Bulgular: Bu dönemde Kızılay ve Türk ordusunun ortak ve düzenli bir şekilde faaliyet gösterebilmesi için mevzuatta yeni düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu savaşa yönelik olarak Kızılay; gönüllü hemşirelik kurslarıyla hemşire yetiştirmiş, sayıları bir milyon üç yüz bine ulaşan asker için yardım kampanyası organize ederek askere kışlık kıyafet toplamış, savaşta açılacak hastaneler için malzeme tedarik etmiş ve depolarında hazır bulundurmuş, sıtma ilaçlarını yurt dışından getirtmiş, sivil ve asker için gaz maskesi üretmiştir. Diğer yandan karşılıklı savaşan devletlere ait esir mübadele işlemlerini, her iki taraf devletin takdirini kazanacak şekilde desteklemiştir. Sonuç: Türkiye II. Dünya Savaşı’na fiili olarak girmemiştir. Ancak Kızılay’ın savaşa hazırlık faaliyetleri, askeri sağlık hizmetlerine maddi ve manevi önemli bir katkı sağlamıştır.
Introduction: The main purpose of the Red Crescent, whose historical background goes back to 1868, is to serve humanity by helping the sick and wounded in the war. The Red Crescent expanded its organization with the Second Constitutional Monarchy and took part in military health services for years of war. An atmosphere of peace was established with the foundation of Republic, but it was not easy to bind up the wounds of the people who suffered war, immigration, epidemics, hunger and poverty. While Europe was gradually dragged into the war towards the end of 1930, Turkey aimed to stay out of the war. Aim: Although Turkey did not actually enter the World War II, The Turkish army was prepared for the war and Red Crescent was involved in these preparations. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the activities of the Red Crescent for military health services within the scope of preparations for war. Method: Data collection method was used as research method. In this context, between 1939-1945, the Prime Ministry Republic Archive, Kızılay Archive, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Archive and the current legislation of the period were examined. In the same period Cumhuriyet, Ulus, Vatan and Abiye newspapers were scanned. Results: In this period, new regulations were made in the legislation for Red Crescent and the Turkish army to operate jointly and regularly. For this war, Red Crescent trained nurses through volunteer nursing courses, organized a relief campaign for the soldier, whose number reached one million three hundred thousand, and collected winter clothes for the soldier, supplied materials for the hospitals which were to be opened during the war, and kept the materials available in the storage, brought malaria drugs from abroad, produced gas masks for civilian and military. On the other hand, Red Crescent supported the e xchange of captives of the warring states in a way that the both sides appreciated. Conclusion: Turkey was actuallyenter the World War II. Red Crescent made an important contribution to the military health services in this period. However, the Red Crescent's war preparatory activities made a substantial and spiritual contribution to military healthcare.
Introduction: The main purpose of the Red Crescent, whose historical background goes back to 1868, is to serve humanity by helping the sick and wounded in the war. The Red Crescent expanded its organization with the Second Constitutional Monarchy and took part in military health services for years of war. An atmosphere of peace was established with the foundation of Republic, but it was not easy to bind up the wounds of the people who suffered war, immigration, epidemics, hunger and poverty. While Europe was gradually dragged into the war towards the end of 1930, Turkey aimed to stay out of the war. Aim: Although Turkey did not actually enter the World War II, The Turkish army was prepared for the war and Red Crescent was involved in these preparations. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the activities of the Red Crescent for military health services within the scope of preparations for war. Method: Data collection method was used as research method. In this context, between 1939-1945, the Prime Ministry Republic Archive, Kızılay Archive, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Archive and the current legislation of the period were examined. In the same period Cumhuriyet, Ulus, Vatan and Abiye newspapers were scanned. Results: In this period, new regulations were made in the legislation for Red Crescent and the Turkish army to operate jointly and regularly. For this war, Red Crescent trained nurses through volunteer nursing courses, organized a relief campaign for the soldier, whose number reached one million three hundred thousand, and collected winter clothes for the soldier, supplied materials for the hospitals which were to be opened during the war, and kept the materials available in the storage, brought malaria drugs from abroad, produced gas masks for civilian and military. On the other hand, Red Crescent supported the e xchange of captives of the warring states in a way that the both sides appreciated. Conclusion: Turkey was actuallyenter the World War II. Red Crescent made an important contribution to the military health services in this period. However, the Red Crescent's war preparatory activities made a substantial and spiritual contribution to military healthcare.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kızılay, II. Dünya Savaşı, Gaz Maskesi, ABST
Kaynak
Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
10
Sayı
2
Künye
Seyhun, G. (2020). Kızılay’ın Türkiye’de İkinci Dünya Savaşı döneminde askeri sağlık hizmetlerine yönelik faaliyetleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, 10(2), 209-221.
