A Bioactive Emulgel Formulation of Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Methanol Extract: Integrating Antioxidant Activity, Skin Enzyme Inhibition, and Permeation Kinetics

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dc.contributor.authorŞentürk, Tuğba Buse
dc.contributor.authorBarak, Timur Hakan
dc.contributor.authorÇağlar, Emre Şefik
dc.contributor.authorSaldamlı, Emine
dc.contributor.authorÖzdemir Nath, Ebru
dc.contributor.authorÖzdemir, Zafer Ömer
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-15T05:59:21Z
dc.date.available2025-09-15T05:59:21Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentFakülteler, Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü, Farmasötik Botanik Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.descriptionArticle number : 662
dc.description.abstractEquisetum telmateia Ehrh. (great horsetail) belongs to the Equisetaceae family and its aerial parts have been traditionally used for skin conditions and to achieve healthy and resilient skin, nails, and hair. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of skin-related enzymes by, the antioxidant capacity of, and the phytochemical composition of E. telmateia. Additionally, a novel emulgel was formulated from the main methanolic extract and characterized in terms of pH, viscosity, determination of content quantification, textural profile analysis, and spreadability. After the characterization studies, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation and penetration studies were performed. Firstly, the dried aerial parts of E. telmateia were macerated in methanol, followed by partitioning with solvents of increasing polarity: n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, and TOAC assays, while enzyme inhibition was analyzed for collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 53 phytochemical compounds. Protocatechuic acid, the main phenolic compound, was quantitatively analyzed in each subfraction by HPTLC. The in vitro release studies showed sustained release of the reference substance (protocatechuic acid) and the kinetic modeling of the release was fitted to the Higuchi model. The ex vivo permeation and penetration studies showed that the formulation exhibited a retention of 3.06 ± 0.21 µg.cm−2 after 24 h, whereas the suspended extract demonstrated a skin retention of 1.28 ± 0.47 µg.cm−2. Both the extracts and the formulated emulgel exhibited inhibitory effects on skin-related enzymes. Our finding suggested that E. telmateia might be a valuable ingredient for wrinkle care and skin-regenerating cosmetics.
dc.identifier.citationŞentürk, T. B., Barak, T. H., Çağlar, E. Ş., Saldamlı, E., Özdemir Nath, E., & Özdemir, Z. Ö. (2025). A Bioactive Emulgel Formulation of Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Methanol Extract: Integrating Antioxidant Activity, Skin Enzyme Inhibition, and Permeation Kinetics. Gels, 11(8), 662. 10.3390/gels11080662
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/gels11080662
dc.identifier.issn2310-2861
dc.identifier.issue8
dc.identifier.pmid40868792
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105014383281
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12939/5941
dc.identifier.volume11
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001557591500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.institutionauthorÖzdemir Nath, Ebru
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBasel
dc.relation.ispartofGels
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectemulgel
dc.subjectEquisetum telmateia
dc.subjectHPLC
dc.subjectLC-MS/MS
dc.subjectskin-related enzyme inhibition
dc.titleA Bioactive Emulgel Formulation of Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Methanol Extract: Integrating Antioxidant Activity, Skin Enzyme Inhibition, and Permeation Kinetics
dc.typeArticle

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