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    A comparison of surface roughness values of various restorative materials immersed in pedodontic pre-and probiotics
    (AMG Transcend Association, 2021) Ozan, Günce; Eren, Meltem Mert; Gürcan, Aliye Tuğce; Bilmez, Zuhal Yıldırım; Yücel, Yasemin Yücel
    The present in vitro study aims to evaluate pre-and probiotic liquids' effect on surface roughness values of restorative materials after one month of immersion. 360 disc-shaped samples (5mm x 2mm) were prepared from two types of glass-ionomer cements (GIC), a resin-modified GIC, a compomer, three bulk-fill composites, and one microhybrid composite. After the surfaces were polished, samples were divided into three groups (n = 15) and immersed for 10 minutes daily for one month in either a probiotic sachet, kefir (prebiotic), or artificial saliva. After that, the surface roughness values were measured by a profilometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations of one sample from tested materials were also added. Statistical data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni–Dunn tests. One of the GIC materials had significantly rougher surfaces in the probiotic sachet, followed by the compomer (p < 0.05). The compomer showed the roughest surfaces after immersion in kefir, followed by the microhybrid composite (Z250). Probiotic sachets formed rougher surfaces than kefir among samples. SEM images revealed the inorganic filler structures and microcracks on the surfaces. A high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement, Equia Fil Forte, and other composite-based materials tested in the present study can be used in pediatric patients who use pre-and probiotic supplements. © 2021 by the authors.
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    Antimicrobial Effect of Propolis Drops On Oral Pathogens: AnIn Vitro Study
    (2021) Ozan, Günçe; Eren, Meltem Mert; Vatansever, Cansu
    Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate theantimicrobial effectiveness of various propolis drops found easilyin Turkey against two oral pathogens; Streptococcus mutans andEnterococcus faecalis. Methods: Seven different propolis drops (Group 1 to 7: UmayHerbal Organic Propolis, Bee'o Up [15%], Propoli EVSP, BrazilianGreen Liquid Propolis, Eğriçayır Propolis, Bee'o Up [30%],Biostore Propolis) were included in the study. Antimicrobial effectof drops was investigated by the agar plate diffusion method. Petridishes were prepared with Brain-Heart Infusion broth. 100 µl ofmicroorganisms and 10 µl of each propolis were planted to thesepetri dishes from a broth culture. Inhibition zones formed on the24th hour were measured in mm's and each experimental groupwas photographed. Data were compared by Mann Whitney-U test. Results: Only water-based propolis of the present study (Group1) formed no inhibition zone against both oral pathogens andalcohol-based groups 4 and 5 formed no zone only against thelatter. Group 5 showed significantly the highest antimicrobial effectagainst S. mutans, however that group showed no influence on E.faecalis. Group 6 was found significantly more effective on E.faecalis than other propolis drops (p<0.05). Conclusion: All of the groups showed antimicrobial effect oneither one of the oral pathogens except for the water-basedpropolis drop. Compared to E. faecalis, tested propolis drops hadaffected S. mutans more. Thus, propolis extracts could be used asa more natural and harmless prevention method to dental cariesspecifically.
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    Color stability of bulk-fill composites immersed in different drinks
    (Wiley, 2018) Erdemir, Uğur; Kaner, Alev Özsoy; Eren, Meltem Mert; Ozan, Günce; Yıldız, Esra
    Bulk-fill composites show structural differences compared to those of conventional resin composites. Their more reactive photoinitiators, monomer compositions, and increased filler content may result in higher color stability than for conventional ones. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the color stability of three different bulk-fill composites and one conventional resin composite with a higher filler load after 1week and 1month of immersion in different drinks. The resin composite materials that were tested demonstrated significantly different color changes after immersion in the four solutions during both evaluation periods. Immersion in coffee and red wine showed noticeable staining of all the materials. The discoloration effect of staining solutions on the resin composites depends both on the material composition and on the pigment types found in the solutions.
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    Comparison of restorative materials and surface alterations after prebiotic and probiotic beverages: A nanoindentation and SEM study
    (Wiley, 2022) Eren, Meltem Mert; Ozan, Gunce; Bilmez, Zuhal Yildirim; Gurcan, Aliye Tugce; Yucel, Yasemin Yucel
    The purpose was to investigate the surface characteristics of various resin-based materials by immersing in probiotic beverages. A total of 420 disc-shaped samples (5 mm x 2 mm) were prepared from resin-based composites. Samples were divided into four groups and immersed for 10 min/day for 1 month in either a probiotic sachet, kefir, kombucha, or artificial saliva (control). Surface roughness was measured at baseline and 1 month. One sample of each of the tested materials was examined under nanoindentation to evaluate the reduced elasticity modulus and nanohardness scores. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare surface differences. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA test and the significance was set at p < .05. The lowest roughness scores were observed in Z250, Estelite Bulk Fill, and HRi ENA in most of the test groups. Among conventional composites, Z250 group had the highest nanohardness and elasticity modulus scores. Among bulk-fill composites, Estelite Bulk Fill Flow had the lowest surface roughness after immersion in probiotic beverages and the highest nanohardness values. Reveal HD, as a bulk-fill group showed higher surface roughness and considerably lower nanohardness and elasticity modulus scores. Maximum height levels of samples were recorded. SEM images revealed voids and microcracks on the surfaces of test materials. Dentists may prefer Z250 as microhybrid and Estelite Bulk Fill Flow as bulk-fill composites for the restorations of patients who consume gut-friendly drinks regularly. When there are various types of materials, nanoindentation is a useful method for evaluating surface alterations and sensible comparisons.
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    A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY TO DETERMINE TURKISH DENTAL PATIENTS’ PROBIOTIC KNOWLEDGE,ATTITUDE, AND CONSUMPTION STATUS
    (Termedia Publishing House Ltd., 2023) Yurdabakan, Zeliha Zuhal; Eren, Meltem Mert
    Introduction: Probiotics play a significant role in improving oral and dental health. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the probiotic knowledge, attitude, and consumption status of Turkish adult patients, who underwent dental treatment at a dentistry faculty. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included 509 participants, 281 females, and 228 males, who were 18 years of age or older. A printed face-to-face survey consisting of 18 questions was administered to patients. For statistical analyses, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Results: 78.4% of the participants were familiar with probiotics, but only 45.6% of them correctly knew its definition. Females had more probiotic awareness than males. The most common source of information about probiotics was the Internet. 23.8% of all participants were probiotic consumers, and 47.1% of participants who consumed probiotics were university graduates. 43.8% of female participants and 29.8% of males stated to use probiotics for gastrointestinal diseases, but only 11.4% of females and 8.3% of males claimed to use probiotics to support oral flora. Most of the participants consumed homemade yogurt/ ayran as a naturally fermented food. According to the participants, the most beneficial form of probiotics for oral and dental health was using it in the form of sachets or drops and natural foods, such as yogurt. Conclusions: More public education is required concerning the awareness and benefits for oral and dental health as well as consumption of probiotics to improve the general health of individuals, especially oral and dental health. © 2023 Polish Dental Association.
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    Effect of desensitizers on the microleakage of previously restored Class V resin composite restorations
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Özsoy, Alev; Eren, Meltem Mert; Gürbüz, Özge; Dikmen, Benin; Çilingir, Aylin; Erdemir, Uğur
    Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different desensitizers' application on the microleakage of previously restored Class V composite resin restorations. Materials and methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 40 extracted human third molars. Forty box-shaped cavities were divided into four groups, based on the desensitizers used (n = 10). All teeth were restored with the same bonding agent and composite material. No desensitizer was applied in the control group. In the experimental groups, BisBlock, Gluma and Universal bonding agents were the desensitizers. The desensitizers were applied after completion of composite restorations according to manufacturers' instructions. All specimens were then thermocycled at 5-55 degrees C, with a 10-s dwell time for 500 cycles. The samples were then immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye for 24 h, sectioned into two equal halves, evaluated for microleakage using a stereomicroscope at 30x magnification and scored on a scale of 0-3. The data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test at the significance level p < 0.05. Results: There were no significant differences in microleakage after desensitizer application (p > 0.05). However, based on the obtained numerical values in our study, while the BisBlock and bonding groups showed lower microleakage at the occlusal margin, BisBlock, Gluma and bonding group showed lower microleakage at the gingival margin compared to the control group. Conclusions: The application of desensitizers as a post-treatment option could be considered an advisable procedure to minimize microleakage.
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    Effect of different antioxidants on the microtensile bond strength of an adhesive system to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin
    (Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2015) Dikmen, Benin; Gürbüz, Özge; Özsoy, Alev; Eren, Meltem Mert; Çilingir, Aylin; Yücel, Taner
    Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different antioxidant treatments on the microtensile bond strength of an adhesive system to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-treated dentin. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted third molars were sectioned 3 mm below the occlusal surface and divided into six groups according to the antioxidant treatment received: control group: distilled water; NaOCl group: 5.25% NaOCl and distilled water; proanthocyanidin (PA) group: 5.25% NaOCl, 5% PA and distilled water; 1-week storage group: 5.25% NaOCl and storage for 1 week in distilled water; Accel group: 5.25% NaOCl, Accel, and distilled water; noni group: 5.25% NaOCl, noni fruit juice, and distilled water. NaOCl, PA, Accel, noni, and distilled water were administered for 30 s, 10 min, 30 s, 10 min, and 30 s, respectively. A self-etching adhesive system (Single Bond Universal Adhesive) was applied to each specimen and a resin composite (Filtek Z550) was built up to a height of 5 mm on the dentin surface. Each specimen was serially sectioned to obtain sticks with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm(2), and their microtensile bond strength was determined. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane's T2 test. Results: Microtensile bond strength in the NaOCl group was significantly lower than in all other groups. However, there were no significant differences in the bond strength between the groups treated with different antioxidants. Conclusions: NaOCl significantly reduced the microtensile bond strength of the adhesive system. The application of PA, Accel, and noni fruit juice to NaOCl-treated dentin significantly improved the microtensile bond strength.
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    Effect of surface sealant on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of bulk-fill composites
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2021) Ozan, Günce; Eren, Meltem Mert; Vatansever, Cansu; Erdemir, Uğur
    Surface sealants are reported to ensure surface smoothness and improve the surface quality of composite restorations. These sealants should also reduce the bacterial adhesion on composite surfaces however, there is not much information regarding their performance on bulk-fill composite materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface sealant application on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of various restorative materials. Disc-shaped samples were prepared from a compomer, a conventional composite and three bulk-fill composites. Specimens of each group were divided into two groups (n = 9): with/without surface sealant (Biscover LV, [BLV]). Surface roughness values were examined by profilometry and two samples of each group were examined for bacterial adhesion on a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Bacterial counts were calculated by both broth cultivation and microscopic images. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni/Dunn tests. Following the BLV application, there was a decrease in the surface roughness values of all groups however, only Tetric N-Ceram Bulk and Beautifil-Bulk groups showed significantly smoother surfaces (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences among material groups without BLV application. Evaluating bacterial adhesion after BLV application, conventional composite had the lowest values among all followed by the compomer group. Beautifil-Bulk had significantly the highest bacterial adhesion (p < 0.05), followed by Tetric N-Ceram Bulk group. Without BLV application, there was no significant difference among bacterial adhesion values of groups (p > 0.05). CLSM images showed cell viability in groups. Bulk-fill composites showed higher bacterial adhesion than conventional composite and compomer materials. The surface sealant was found to be highly effective in lowering bacterial adhesion, but not so superior in smoothing the surfaces of restorative materials. So, surface sealants could be used on the restorations of patients with high caries risk.
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    Impact of peri-implant bone resorption, prosthetic materials, and crown to implant ratio on the stress distribution of short implants: A finite element analysis
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Erçal, Pınar; Taysı, Ayşegül Erten; Ayvalıoğlu, Demet Cağıl; Eren, Meltem Mert; Şişmanoğlu, Soner
    The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prosthetic materials and crown/implant (C/I) ratio on short implants with a marginal bone resorption. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to simulate stress distribution under static loading in non-resorption and resorption scenarios (3-mm vertical bone loss) in implants restored with single crowns and C/I ratios of 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1 were evaluated. Different crown materials were used: porcelain-fused to metal, porcelain-fused to zirconia, monolithic zirconia, and zirconia-based crown veneered with indirect composite resin. The C/I ratio, the peri-implant bone resorption, and the loading conditions were the key factors affecting the generated stress in short implants. In non-resorption models, von Mises stress ranged between 50 and 105 MPa whereas in resorption models, the values ranged from 168 to 322 MPa, both increasing with the higher C/I ratio under oblique forces. Under axial loading, the C/I ratio did not influence the stress values as the presence of resorption was the only parameter increasing, 57 MPa for the non-resorption models and 101 MPa for the resorption models, respectively. Preference of a prosthetic material was ineffective on the distribution of stress in the bone and implant structure under static loading in any models. The peri-implant bone resorption and a higher C/I ratio in short implants increase the stress values under both axial and oblique forces, whereas the crown material does not influence stress distribution in the surrounding bone and implant structure.
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    Thermal-stress analysis of ceramic laminate veneer restorations with different incisal preparations using micro-computed tomography-based 3D finite element models
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Çelebi, Alper Tunga; İçer, Esra; Eren, Meltem Mert; Baykasoğlu, Cengiz; Mugan, Ata; Yıldız, Esra
    Main objective of this study is to investigate the thermal behavior of ceramic laminate veneer restorations of the maxillary central incisor with different incisal preparations such as butt joint and palatinal chamfer using finite element method. In addition, it is also aimed to understand the effect of different thermal loads which simulates hot and cold liquid imbibing in the mouth. Three-dimensional solid models of the sound tooth and prepared veneer restorations were obtained using micro-computed tomography images. Each ceramic veneer restoration was made up of ceramic, luting resin cement and adhesive layer which were generated based on the scanned images using computer-aided design software. Our solid model also included the remaining dental tissues such as periodontal ligament and surrounding cortical and spongy bones. Time-dependent linear thermal analyses were carried out to compare temperature changes and stress distributions of the sound and restored tooth models. The liquid is firstly in contact with the crown area where the maximum stresses were obtained. For the restorations, stresses on palatinal surfaces were found larger than buccal surfaces. Through interior tissues, the effect of thermal load diminished and smaller stress distributions were obtained near pulp and root-dentin regions. We found that the palatinal chamfer restoration presents comparatively larger stresses than the butt joint preparation. In addition, cold thermal loading showed larger temperature changes and stress distributions than those of hot thermal loading independent from the restoration technique. © 2017