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    A comparative anatomical study on genus pulicaria gaertn. (compositae) from Turkey and its taxonomic implication
    (Pakistan Botanical Society, 2022) Gürdal, Bahar; Nath, Ebru Özdemir
    The genus Pulicaria Gaertn. belongs to the tribe Inuleae Cass. and it is represented by six species P. arabica (L.) Cass., P. armena Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss., P. dysenterica (L.) Gaertn., P. odora (L.) Rchb., P. sicula (L.) Moris, and P. vulgaris Gaertn. in Turkey. P. armena is endemic to Turkey. A comparative anatomical study on Puliaria species growing in Turkey is presented. Cross-sections of stem, leaves, and surface sections of leaves of all species were taken. Anatomical description of Pulicaria species was given and species were compared. Noteworthy anatomical features were glandular and non-glandular trichome type, mesophyll cells, stomatal index, and stomata structure. Thirteen anatomical characters were quantified, organized in a data matrix, and analyzed with UPGMA methods. It is shown that leaf and stem anatomy data provide characters that are taxonomically useful.
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    Achene macro-micromorphology of Pulicaria (Asteraceae) from Turkiye and its taxonomic significance
    (2024) Gürdal, Bahar; Nath, Ebru Özdemir
    The genus Pulicaria Gaertn. belongs to the tribe Inuleae Cass. and it is represented by six species P. arabica (L.) Cass., P. armena Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss., P. dysenterica (L.) Gaertn., P. odora (L.) Rchb., P. sicula (L.) Moris, and P. vulgaris Gaertn. in Turkiye. P. armena is endemic to the country. In this study, fruit macro-micromorphological characteristics of six Pulicaria species from Turkiye were demonstrated using stereo-microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The colors of the achenes range from light-brown to brown. The shapes are obovate to elliptic in outline. The pappus is persistent in all studied species, with two rows of pappus hairs except in P. sicula. Its pappus composed of one row of capillary bristles. Others have the outer row developing into a small crown and the inner row consisting of capillary bristles. All taxa have glandular trichomes, except for P. arabica. An identification key is also provided to differentiate between Pulicaria species. Fruit features provide a useful tool for differentiating the examined species. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Achene macro-micromorphology of Pulicaria species was studied via LM and SEM. A diagnostic key based on achene features was created for Pulicaria species. Achene features provide a useful tool for differentiating the examined species.v
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    An ethnobotanical study Of medicinal plants in Savastepe (Balikesir-Turkey)
    (2022) Nath, Ebru Özdemir; Kültür, Şükran
    Objective: This research planned to record traditional uses and preparations of herbal medicines in Savastepe, Balikesir. The study was conducted between the years 2012-2016. The Savastepe district is located on the borders of Balikesir province. Methods: 44 villages connected to Savastepe were visited during the research. With the help of the local people, the collected plants were diagnosed and converted into herbarium specimens. All herbarium samples are stored in the Herbarium of Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy (ISTE). Information about the use of plants were collected by the help of interviews with 205 people (107 men, 98 women). Results: As a result of this study, there were 163 medicinal plant taxa belonging to 53 families. Mostly used medicinal plant species families are Lamiaceae (22 taxa), Asteraceae (20 taxa), Rosaceae (16 taxa), Fabaceae (6 taxa), Brassicaceae (7 taxa), Apiaceae (4 taxa), Poaceae (4 taxa), Scrophulariaceae (4 taxa) respectively. According to the informations, the most common diseases were categozied into 12 group and their FIC values are calculated. The highest FIC value (0.852) for hemorrhoids. Having high use value represents that this taxa is commonly used in Savastepe. The highest use value is 0.93 for Urtica dioica Conclusion: This study documented the medicinal plants used by local people of Savastepe and also the uses, preparations and vernacular names of medicinal plant species. This study will help to concerve valuable informations of the medicinal plants of Savastepe.
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    Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase activities and characterization of phenolic compounds for some plants from the Marmara Region, Türkiye
    (2024) Meriç, Zehra İlke; Nath, Ebru Özdemir; Doğan, Ahmet; Bitiş, Leyla
    In this study, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and sun protection factor (SPF) values of 26 extracts obtained from 24 plants naturally grown in the Marmara Region were investigated, and phenolic compound characterization of 8 active plants was performed. All of the plants mentioned in this study have been evaluated for their Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values for the first time, as well as 3 of them evaluated for antioxidant activity and 15 of them evaluated for tyrosinase inhibition for the first time. The results showed that the plant extracts generally exhibited high antioxidant activities. In terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity, Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay exhibited a very close IC50 value (0.038 mg/mL) to the standard compounds, ascorbic acid and quercetin. Plantago major L. subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange demonstrated the highest CUPRAC radical scavenging activity (0.187 mM ascorbic acid equivalent). Hypericum perforatum L. was determined to have the highest total phenolic content (0.268 mg GAE g/extract). Among the plant extracts, Sambucus ebulus L. fruit extract exhibited the highest tyrosinase inhibition (IC50 0.08 mg/mL), showing a similar effect to the standard compound kojic acid. The extract with the highest SPF value was calculated Inula oculuschristi L. extract, with a value of 28.55. The phenolic compound analysis of eight plants, which have been determined to exhibit high efficacy in both antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibition, was conducted. Some of phenolic compounds obtained from these eight plants were novel for these species. According to the experiments conducted in this study, Euphorbia helioscopia has high potential as natural sources of antioxidants and skin whiteners.
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    Chemical components of thymbra spicata subsp. spicata l. essential oil and its in vitro physiological effects on human origin cell lines
    (2023) Nath, Ebru Özdemir; Gündoğan, Gül I.; Kartal, Murat
    Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata L. is a member of the Lamiaceae family, which is used in Türkiye against various health issues among other uses. The main components of T. spicata essential oil (TE) were identified as carvacrol (52.3%) and p-cymene (21.1%) using GC-FID and GC/MS. The in vitro effects of TE on Miapaca-2 and HUVEC cell lines were reported for the first time. The initial results showed that TE applied to Miapaca-2 cell lines at concentrations of ≥62.18 g/mL for 48 hours could reduce cell growth and induce apoptosis. The application of relatively high concentrations of TE (≥82.91 g/mL) significantly (P<0.001) suppressed cell growth. Administration of relatively high TE concentrations (≥82.91 g/mL) significantly (P<0.001) suppressed cell growth. Concentrations of TE lower than 20.73 g/mL did not affect the viability of the HUVEC cell line in 48 hours. The IC50 value for Miapaca-2 cells was 62.18 µg/mL, and HUVEC cells’ IC50 value was 263.97 µg/mL for 48h. The number of apoptotic cells in Miapaca-2 (55±5%) and HUVEC (38.33±6%) were significantly higher (P<0.001). Significantly lower migration rates (P<0.001) were seen for Miapaca-2 (52±5%) and HUVEC cell lines (64±1.67%).
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    Chemical composition and in vitro cytotoxicity of Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells
    (Har Krishan Bhalla and Sons, 2023) Demirbolat, İlker; Karık, Ünal; Nath, Ebru Özdemir; Abudayyak, Mahmoud; Kartal, Murat
    The current study is aimed to investigate the essential oil yields, chemical compositions and in vitro cytotoxic activities of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden et Scheng. C. niveum is an endemic species of Turkiye, generally used as a spice in local cuisine and traditional medicine. The plant material was collected from Yeşilyurt province of Malatya in August. Hydrodistillation yielded 1.41% (g/g) essential oil. The majority of the essential oil was dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes mainly pulegone (56.83%) and isomenthone (29.06%). Cytotoxicity tests of C. niveum essential oil on MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cells) and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial cells) cell lines represented promising results. IC50 values on MCF-7 and A549 were found to be 31.68 μg/mL and 66.70 μg/mL respectively. In the current work, we have shown for the first time that C. niveum essential oil has cytotoxic properties in the cancer cell lines tested.
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    Comparative anatomical investigations on Some Centaurea (Asteraceae) Taxa from Türkiye
    (Marmara University, 2023) Nath, Ebru Özdemir; Kültür, Şükran
    One of the most abundant genera in the flora of Türkiye is Centaurea L. (Asteraceae). There are 787 species in the world and 174 species in Türkiye, 126 taxa are endemic to Türkiye. The Centaurea antiochia Boiss. var. antiochia Boiss., Centaurea antiochia Boiss. var. praealta (Boiss. & Bal.) Wagenitz, Centaurea nerimaniae Ş. Kültür are the subject of a comparative anatomical investigation. The aim of this study is to determine and compare the anatomical features of three different Cantaurea taxa, two of which are endemic. The morphological features of these three taxa are very similar to each other. For this reason, the determination of anatomical features has a special importance in terms of detecting the differences of species. Centaurea taxa were collected by authors. The Centaurea specimens were identified and placed in ISTE (The Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University). In order to conduct anatomical research, the sample was fixed in 70% alcohol. Sartur solution was used to stain cross sections of the stem, leaves, and leaf surface sections and the anatomical features have been investigated. The glandular and non glandular trichomes, mesophyll cells, stomatal index, and stomata structures were compared. This is the first anatomical study on these three Centaurea taxa. They have amphistomatic and isobilateral leaves. It has multicellular, long non-glandular hairs as well as short stalked, big-head glandular hairs on the epiderma. In sclerencymatic tissue, a vascular bundle is inserted. These anatomical characteristics match those of the Centaurea species that have already been studied.
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    Comparing the effects of aromatherapy and mindfulness meditation on university students' stress levels
    (2023) Nath, Ebru Özdemir; Küçükarslan, Gökçe Nur
    Background and Aims: Aromatherapy is the combination of aroma and therapy and literally means treatment with fragrance. Massage, inhalation, compresses, and baths are the most common applications of aromatherapy. According to several stud-ies, inhalation of essential oils greatly reduces anxiety and tension. On the other hand, the last 30 years has seen an increase in the popularity of mindfulness meditation for reducing the risk of depressive relapse while also lowering stress and anxiety levels. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of aromatherapy and mindfulness practices on university students' stress levels. Methods: A total of 78 Altinbas University students participated in this study, which uses the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Perceived Stress Scale to collect data. Five experimental groups were created in which aromatherapy and mindfulness meditation studies were applied, with a control group also used in an experimental investigation that includes pretest and posttest assessments. Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) G.Manetti ex Carriere (CA) and Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (CO) essential oils were used in the aromatherapy applications. Results: As a result, this study has found the participants' anxiety levels to decrease, with all intervention groups having lower posttest scores than their pretest levels. Conclusion: The results of this study show a decrease in post-intervention test scores for all experimental groups compared to the control group, particularly for the groups where aromatherapy and mindfulness meditation were administered to-gether. Aromatherapy and mindfulness emerge as viable therapeutic options for anxiety, with CA and CO essential oils being particularly useful.
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    Determination of antioxidant activity of Salvia sclarea L. and its inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase A
    (Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ankara (FABAD), 2023) Yücel, Yasemin Yücel; Nath, Ebru Özdemir
    Over the past two to three decades, there has been a significant increase in research focused on the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, our aim was to determine some biological activities of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Salvia sclarea L. The extracts were first assessed for their capacity to scavenge DPPH radicals, then their total phenolic content (TPC) were determined. Afterward, the extracts were evaluated for their effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A). These two enzymes play a crucial role in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. It has been found that, the DPPH activity of the methanolic extract was higher than that of ethanolic extracts; while TPC was higher for the ethanolic extract. For AChE, the IC50 values for ethanolic extract and methanolic extract were 0,27±0,005 mg/mL and 1,19±0,037 mg/mL, respectively. And for MAO-A, the IC50 values for ethanolic extract and methanolic extract were 6,53±0,72 mg/ mL and 3,03±0,05 mg/mL, respectively. As the result of this study, the antioxidant property of Salvia sclarea was determined, and it was observed that this property changed in accordance with the total phenolic content of the plant. It has been shown that the extracts have inhibitory effects on both enzymes. This means, the obtained data are promising for further drug development studies.
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    Development of phytotherapeutic nanoformulation containing Gypsophila eriocalyx and its evaluation as a candidate formulation for osteoporosis treatment on human bone marrow stem cells
    (2024) Kaymak, Sibel; Kurtur, Ozan Barış; Gök, Bahar; Budama-Kılınç, Yasemin; Keçel-Gündüz, Serda; Nath, Ebru Özdemir; Kartal, Murat
    Introduction: Osteoporosis, one of the common bone diseases, manifests itself as a decrease in bone mass. Recently, the use of medicinal plants in the search for effective and low-toxicity therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis has become a trending topic. Objective: In this study, we aim to prepare a controlled drug carrier system loaded with Gypsophila eriocalyx to determine its potential for anti-osteoporosis applications. Methods: Gypsophila eriocalyx extract (GEE) was prepared, and components were determined. The molecular interactions of the components with Cathepsin K (CatK), which is used as a target in drug development against osteoporosis, were revealed by in silico molecular docking and MD methods. ADMET profiles were also examined. GEE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized. The nanoparticles' morphology, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, release profile, average size, polydispersity index, and zeta potentials were determined. The cytotoxic effects of GEE and GEE-loaded CNPs on the L929 and osteogenic proliferation profiles on human bone marrow stem cells (hBMC) were examined. Results: The MD analysis revealed no breaks or atomic changes in the dynamic system, and the docking analysis confirmed the continued interaction of identical residues. It was determined that the GEE-loaded CNP formulation was produced successfully, had no toxic effect on the L929, and had an osteogenic proliferation effect on hBMC. Conclusion: In line with the in vitro and in silico results obtained, it was evaluated that GEE-loaded CNPs can be used as a controlled drug release system as a candidate formulation with phytotherapeutic properties for osteoporosis treatment.q1.
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    In vitro physiological effects of Origanum onites L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil treatment on human origin cell lines
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2021) Gündoğan, Gül İpek; Nath, Ebru Özdemir
    Origanum onites L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family which is commonly used for symptomatic treatment of the diseases of the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and respiratory systems in Turkish ethnobotanical studies and public. In this study our aim was to investigate the physiological effects of O. onites essential oil (OE) on A549 human lung cancer, MIA PaCa human pancreas cancer and HUVEC human endothelial cell lines. Our findings showed that O. onites OE treatment at all concentrations (4.79-191.6 mu g/mL, 24 h) can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in A549 and MIA PaCa cell lines (P < 0.0001). Although <= 19.16 mu g/mL OE treatment for 24 h did not inhibit cell proliferation in the HUVEC cell lines, higher concentrations of OE (>= 38.32 mu g/mL) significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Apoptotic cell counts were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in all cell lines at both incubation times (24 h 56.3 +/- 7%, 48 h 53 +/- 5% for A549, 24 h 44 +/- 7%, 48 h 44.7 +/- 7% for MIA PaCa, 24 h 48.7 +/- 6%, 48 h 49.3 +/- 5% for HUVEC). Migration rates were decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) (24 h 64 +/- 6%, 48 h 67.2 +/- 4% for A549, 24 h 49 +/- 5%, 48 h 69.35 +/- 5% for MIA PaCa, 24 h 47 +/- 5%, 48 h 69.6 +/- 2% for HUVEC). Based on these results, OE has been shown to have promising anticancer effects.
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    Investigation of antioxidant, antityrosinase, anticollagenase and cytotoxic effects of some Asphodelus species as potential dermocosmetic agent
    (2024) Badem, Merve; Kanbolat, Şeyda; Kanbolat, Şeyda; Çolak, Nevin Ulaş; Şener, Sıla Özlem; Ali, Yasemin Altun; Erdemir, Burcu; Sarı, Sena; Şenel, Hatice; Arıkan, Fatma; Nath, Ebru Özdemir
    Various studies have reported the antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects of Asphodelus species. These species are used in the treatment of various skin-related issues such as acne, abscesses, psoriasis, burns, alopecia, wound healing, and eczema in folk medicine. The purpose of the present study is to determine the antioxidant, antityrosinase, anticollagenase and cytotoxic effects of Asphodelus aestivus and Asphodelus fistulosus as potential dermocosmetic agent, as well as the phenolic substance profiles of the species by Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Antioxidant capacity of the species was determined by total phenolic and flavonoid content determination, cupric ion reducing power (CUPRAC), ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assays. Enzyme inhibition studies were conducted spectrophotometrically. The cytotoxic activity was analyzed by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. As a result, it was determined that the methanolic extracts obtained from the species showed strong antioxidant activity. Based on the CUPRAC and DPPH results, A. aestivus was found to be more effective while according to the FRAP results, A. fistulosus exhibited greater effectiveness. A. fistulosus was discovered to be abundant in phenolic substances, while A. aestivus was found to be richer in flavonoids. It has also been observed that the methanolic extracts have a high inhibitory effect on collagenase and tyrosinase enzymes. It is believed that the species can be used as a potential resource in the treatment of skin aging and hyperpigmentation problems in the dermocosmetic industry. It is thought that the data obtained in the study will lead to further studies.
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    Phytochemical profiling, therapeutic target enzymes inhibitory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potential of Cardopatium corymbosum
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Hasbal-Çelikok, Gözde; Çakmak, Nermin; Çelikok, Yasin; Duranay, Servet; Gürdal, Bahar; Nath, Ebru Özdemir; Yılmaz-Özden, Tuğba
    Cardopatium corymbosum (L.) Pers. (Asteraceae) has been used ethnomedicinally against intestinal worms, for skin diseases, and in wound treatment. This study investigated the phytochemical profile and biological activities of ethanol (CCE), methanol (CCM), and water (CCW) extracts of C. corymbosum. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of various metabolites. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities and ferric-reducing power (FRAP). The cytotoxicity against human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cell lines were determined using the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. Enzyme inhibitory activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and elastase were measured to assess potential antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's, anticancer, and antiaging/wound healing effects. CCM exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. Fumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, and rutin were identified as major components in CCM. C. corymbosum extracts, particularly those from CCE and CCM, displayed significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells while exhibiting lower toxicity towards HUVEC cells. Notably, CCM demonstrated potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while no α-amylase inhibition was observed. All extracts showed weak inhibition of AChE, BChE, and elastase. Conversely, the extracts displayed moderate TrxR inhibitory activity. These findings suggest that C. corymbosum possesses significant antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic potential, highlighting its promise as a source of novel bioactive molecules.