Mütareke döneminde “milliyet” ve “anâsır” kavramı üzerine tartışmalar
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Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
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Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Osmanlı Devleti, 19. Yüzyılın başından itibaren Fransız İhtilali’nin doğurduğu ulusçuluk akımının etkisinde kalmış bunun sonucunda bağımsız devletlerin kuruluşuna sahne olmuştur. “Ulus Çağının” ruhuna uymayan imparatorluk yapısı bir taraftan büyük sarsıntı geçirirken diğer taraftan da bu sarsıntıyla başa çıkabilecek çözüm yollarını aramış ve bu kapsamda da “millet”, “milliyet”, “milliyetçilik” ve “anâsır” gibi kavramlar etrafında dönen tartışmalar başlamıştır. Bu tartışmalar I. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Mondros Müterakesi günlerinde yoğunluk kazandığı görülmektedir. Savaş sonrasında imparatorluklar dağılmış ve Wilson Prensipleri doğrultusunda ulusların kendi kaderini kendi tayin hakkı anlamına gelen self-determinasyon ilkesi ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu ilke, zaten 19. yüzyıl boyunca kan kaybeden ve 20. yüzyılın başında Balkan Savaşları ile bu kaybı hat safhaya ulaşmış olan Osmanlı Devleti’nin Anadolu ve Arap toprakları üzerinde yaşayan Türk olmayan unsurlarına imparatorluktan ayrılmak için büyük bir fırsat vermiştir. Ayrıca prensiplerin 12. Maddesi Osmanlı hâkimiyeti altında kalan unsurlara kendi kaderlerini tayin hakkını da tanımıştır.1 Bu çalışmanın amacı Wilson Prensiplerinin hâkim olduğu I. Dünya Savaşı sonrası sistemde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu çökerken onun yerine “ulus-devlet” modeli üzerine yükselecek olan yeni devletin inşası sürecinde, azınlık unsurların durumu hakkında mütareke döneminin tartışma ortamını yansıtmaktır. Bu noktada Mütareke döneminin genel özelliklerine kısaca değinmenin çalışmamız açısından faydalı olacağı düşüncesindeyiz.
Since the begining of the 19th century The Ottoman Empire was influenced nationalism movement that was engendered by the French Revolution, and civil insurrections having nationalist character appeared and as a result of this independent states was established in the Empire. While the imperial structure being not suitable to “The age of Nation” had been having big troubles, On the other hand it tried to solve these troubles, and in this period discussions that was about some consepts such as “nation”, “nationality”, “nationalism” and “anâsır” had been began. These discussions violence increased at Mondros Armistace days meanwhile world map was being shaped depending on the principal of “nationality” again after World War I. First of all after war, imperials was ruined and the principle “self-determination” came to the forefront up to Wilson Principles. This principle gave a big opportunity to “Nations” who were not Turkish and lived on the Anatolia and Arabic territory of the Ottoman Empire, to leave from the Empire during 19th century moreover in the beginning of 20th century with The Balkan Wars this missing had raised to the top point. Besides 12th point gave the right to prefer their fades themselves to “Nations” that was be under the management of the Ottoman Empire. The aim of this article conveyed the discussion stiuations about the rights of the minority “Nations” on the new state model “Nation-state” that would be established instead of The Ottoman Empire, while the Ottoman Empire was being collapsed in the period of the dominonce of the Wilson Principles after World War I.
Since the begining of the 19th century The Ottoman Empire was influenced nationalism movement that was engendered by the French Revolution, and civil insurrections having nationalist character appeared and as a result of this independent states was established in the Empire. While the imperial structure being not suitable to “The age of Nation” had been having big troubles, On the other hand it tried to solve these troubles, and in this period discussions that was about some consepts such as “nation”, “nationality”, “nationalism” and “anâsır” had been began. These discussions violence increased at Mondros Armistace days meanwhile world map was being shaped depending on the principal of “nationality” again after World War I. First of all after war, imperials was ruined and the principle “self-determination” came to the forefront up to Wilson Principles. This principle gave a big opportunity to “Nations” who were not Turkish and lived on the Anatolia and Arabic territory of the Ottoman Empire, to leave from the Empire during 19th century moreover in the beginning of 20th century with The Balkan Wars this missing had raised to the top point. Besides 12th point gave the right to prefer their fades themselves to “Nations” that was be under the management of the Ottoman Empire. The aim of this article conveyed the discussion stiuations about the rights of the minority “Nations” on the new state model “Nation-state” that would be established instead of The Ottoman Empire, while the Ottoman Empire was being collapsed in the period of the dominonce of the Wilson Principles after World War I.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sanat, Millet, Milliyet, İttihâd-ı Anâsır, Osmanlıcılık, Türkçülük, Nation, Nationality, Unity of Anâsır, Ottomanism, Turkism
Kaynak
BELGİ DERGİSİ
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
2
Sayı
15
Künye
Özkan, K. (2018). Mütareke döneminde “milliyet” ve “anâsır” kavramı üzerine tartışmalar. Belgi Dergisi, 2(15), 694-727.
