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How can the circular economy contribute to the achievement of SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth?
(Springer Nature, 2024) Karamustafa, Esin Yücel; Arsan, Burcu; Alkan, Deniz Palalar
The circular economy is a model of consumption and production, which includes reusing, sharing, repairing, recycling, and refurbishing existing products and materials as long as possible. The related economic model aims to extend the life span of not only products and materials, but also organizations. The main purpose of this research is to investigate how circular economy models contribute to the actualization of one of the sustainable development goals, “Decent Work and Economic Growth”. The eighth Sustainable Development Goal has 10 sub-targets. In the process of determining the research sample, sectoral and economic growth opportunities were compared. As a result of this comparison, the IT sector was chosen as the sample, and software companies listed in BIST 100 will be examined. In this context, the extent to which the selected IT companies meet the sub-targets according to the determined parameters was examined by frequency analysis through the MAXQDA package program. This research can be considered one of the first studies in the literature that focused on the combination of circular economy and SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth by performing frequency analysis. Thus, it is foreseen that the outputs of the research will be valuable to organizations and policymakers in achieving the eighth goal.
Sustainable development goal 5: Gender equality – a study on the logistics sector
(Springer Nature, 2024) Yücel Karamustafa, Esin
The Sustainable Development Goals, in other words, the Global Goals, are a universal call to action, established in 2015 with the aim of protecting our planet, preventing poverty, and ensuring that all humanity can live in prosperity and peace. Gender Equality, which is the fifth development goal, aims to ensure equal participation of women and men in all aspects of social life. The related target has 6 main and 14 sub-targets. Due to the global transformation covering the past 30 years, women’s labor force in business life, their profession, and their current business lines have undergone a great transformation. Logistics and transportation sectors have been accepted as one of male-dominated business lines until today, and women’s employment has been avoided. However, in the rapidly globalizing business world, it has become very important for women and men to have equal conditions in business life within the scope of SDG 5. Six logistics companies listed in the BIST 100 index were accepted as samples, and the annual and semi-annual sustainability and human resources policy reports shared by the companies were examined. The main purpose of this research is to examine the logistics sector in Turkey from the perspective of gender equality and to present a projection of the current situation of the sector.
Generation failures, strategic withholding, and capacity payments in the Turkish electricity market
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Durmaz, Tunç; Acar, Sevil; Kızılkaya, Simay
Since the deregulation of significant parts of electricity markets in many countries worldwide, a generally pronounced matter is that firms strategically lower their generating capacity to raise electricity prices. This paper investigates whether strategic capacity withholding exists in the form of generation failures in the Turkish day-ahead market and whether the capacity remuneration mechanism contributes to the failure durations. The empirical results show strong support for strategic capacity withholding in the Turkish market, and the capacity mechanism adds to the duration of these failures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate capacity withholding considering centrally determined capacity prices and to focus on failure durations and the potential amount of power generation losses they cause. Our analysis conveys core messages for policymakers. A random verification mechanism may be implemented to verify that the failures are purely technical and apply penalties for nonperformance. Second, the Turkish capacity mechanism needs to be restructured to make it more compatible with performance incentives. Our analysis, while focused on the Turkish market, provides insights into the prevalent challenges and potential solutions tied to strategic capacity withholding in deregulated electricity markets globally, notably those employing capacity remuneration mechanisms.
Online reklam değeri plansız satın alma davranışını nasıl etkiler?
(2023) Dağıstan, Mustafa Taylan
Dijitalleşmenin artması ile markalar bu akıma uyum sağlamak ve pazarlama iletişimi faaliyetlerine online reklamları da dahil etmek durumunda kalmışlardır. Fiziksel alışveriş sıklığı azalan tüketicilerde online alışveriş hayat kolaylaştıran bir alışkanlığa dönüşmüş, böylece sanal pazar yerleri yaygınlaşmıştır. Markalar bu mecralarda rahatlıkla ulaşabildikleri tüketicilere online reklamlar ile ürün ve hizmetlerini tanıtma imkanı bulmuşlardır. Ancak her mecrada reklama maruz kalan tüketiciler reklamları kimi zaman aldatıcı ve rahatsız edici bulmaktadır. Halbuki markaların tüketicilere değer katan reklamlar sunması ve bilgilendiricilik misyonunun yanında tüketiciye eğlendirici bir içerik sunması da mümkün olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda hazırlanan reklamlarla tüketiciler online alışverişlerle plansız satın almaya yönlendirilmektedir. Bu araştırma kapsamında tüketicilerin gözünde online reklamların değeri tespit edilmiş ve bunun plansız satın alma davranışına yansıması incelenmiştir. Online reklamlarla karşılaşmış 541 tüketiciye sosyal medya hesapları aracılığıyla ulaşılmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS ve AMOS programları ile çözümlenmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kapsamında yapılan analizler neticesinde aldatıcılık boyutunun reklam değerine herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı, eğlendiricilik ve rahatsız edicilik boyutlarının pozitif yönlü etkisinin olduğu, bilgilendiricilik boyutunun ise reklam değerini pozitif yönde orta düzeyde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Yine yapılan analizlerde reklam değerinin plansız satın alma davranışını pozitif yönlü etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bu durumda işletmelerin, tüketicilerin ilgisini çekebilecek içerikler üreterek, reklamlara verilen değeri arttırmaları mümkün görünmektedir. Tüketicilerde satın alma isteği uyandıracak reklamlarla, plansız satın alımlara yönlendirmek olasıdır.
İran ile nükleer müzakereler ve Türkiye’nin Avrupa’ya uzanan enerji merkezi rolü
(2022) Kaynak, Akif Bahadır
Türkiye’nin, Orta Asya ve Ortadoğu ülkelerinden Avrupa’ya uzanan bir enerji köprüsü olarak rolü son on yılların en tartışmalı gündemlerinden biri olmuştur. Hem Avrupa’nın enerji arz güvenliği hem de üretici ülkelerin karlı pazarlara ulaşımı bakımından Türkiye önemli bir fırsat sunmaya devam etmektedir. Türkiye’nin öncelikle kendi ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmek için üretici ülkelerle kurduğu enerji köprüleri, zamanla Avrupa pazarına ulaşacak Güney Enerji Koridorunun şekillenmesine sebep olmaktadır. 2020 yılı kapanırken faaliyete geçen TANAP ve Güney İtalya’ya uzanan TAP ile birlikte önce Azeri gazının Avrupa pazarına ulaşımında ilk adım atılmıştır. Son Ukrayna-Rusya çatışması ile birlikte enerji piyasalarında yaşanan çalkantı ve Rusya’nın güvenilir tedarikçi rolünün sarsılması alternatif tedarik yollarının önemini tekrar vurgulamaktadır. Nükleer müzakereler başarıya ulaştığı takdirde İran’ın yeniden doğalgaz piyasalarına dönüşü bu koridorun önemini artırıyor olacaktır. Üretiminin bir kısmını sıvılaştırılmış gaz olarak satmayı tercih edecek İran, botu hatları yoluyla Hindistan pazarına ve Avrupa’daki tüketicilere de ulaşmak isteyecektir. Dünyanın en büyük konvansiyonel rezervlerine sahip ülkesinin Avrupa pazarına ulaşması için Türkiye’nin coğrafi konumu eşsiz bir imkân sunmaktadır.
Making of a new petro-state in the middle east? Fossil fueled kurdistan regional government
(Springer Science and Business Media, 2023) Kaynak, Akif Bahadır; Arıboğan, Deniz Ülke
The emergence of a Kurdish political entity in the north of Iraq can be dated back to the aftermath of First Gulf War. When the coalition forces stopped short of destroying Saddam’s War machine in 1991, the Iraqi Army advanced north to crush the Kurdish rebels. A coalition force led by US declared a “no-fly zone” on the north of 36th parallel in order to create a safe haven for the Kurds. Second Gulf War further consolidated Kurdish autonomy in the region following the melt down of central Iraqi government while the peshmerga forces advanced south to control the abundant oil resources of Kirkuk province that has been contested by Baghdad and the Kurds for decades. Control of those underground resources enabled the Kurdish entity to pursue a more independent policy as well as providing financial resources for centralization of political power. The disputes with Baghdad government still are not over but a petro-state seems to be taking shape despite those political uncertainties. This new political entity shares many similar traits with other states in the region that rely on rents from fossil fuels. Underlying economic conditions are an important determinant of the political system of Erbil government.
Corporte social responsibility from employees’ perspective
(2020) Bumin Doyduk, Hande Begüm; Bayarçelik, Ebru Beyza
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been an important area of study for both academic and business world for the last decades. The phrase social responsibility associate with philanthropy. However, it is not the only responsibility of a corporation. The responsibilities of a corporation can be grouped under economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. The philanthropic responsibilities target the welfare of the general public and environment. CSR activities provide benefits for the environment and the general public. Along with that the corporations also benefit from these activities as they create customer and employee satisfaction and commitment. CSR activities can be seen both as an external and an internal marketing tool. The internal customers of a firm, the employees are of prime importance for firms. They are important stakeholders within the organization service- profit chain model. Employees are one of the crucial stakeholders of a firm as they affect and are affected by the actions of firms. One of the end results that firms aim to attain through CSR programs is employee commitment. Commitment is long term relationships between firms and their employees. Literature divides commitment into three dimensions as affective, continuous, and normative. Generally affective commitment dimension is used to examine the relation between CSR performance and commitment. In this study the relationship among firms’ beliefs in CSR, higher order quality of work life, perceived external prestige and commitment are analyzed. The 5-point Likert scale survey was conducted to 300 employees working in different firms in Istanbul. After eliminating missing data, analyses were conducted with 262 surveys. Structural equation model was utilized to analyze the data.
Social transfers and unemployment duration: An empirical evidence of the EU and Turkey
(2020) Doğan, Fadime İrem
Bu çalışma; Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği (AB) olmak üzere iki farklı emek piyasası çapında, üç farklı ülkede (Türkiye, Hollanda ve İspanya) sosyal transferlerin iş gücüne katılımına olan etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Karşılaştırmalı analizlerde, odak iki farklı periyodun etkisine bakmaktır. İşsiz olma durumundan istihdama katılma durumu Hızlandırılmış Başarısızlık Süresi (AFT) modeli kullanılarak, iki periyottan oluşan (2006 –09 ve 2011 –14), aylık olarak bölünmüş (her periyotta 48 ay olmak üzere) Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Anketi (GYKA) panel veri seti ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2006 – 09 periyodu için sonuçlar, Hollanda hariç, tüm ülkelerde sosyal transfer alımının işsizlik süresini artırdığı yönündedir. 2011 – 14 periyodu için ise tüm ülkelerde sosyal transferlere bakıldığında, çeşitli sosyal transferleri (eğitim, malullük, yaşlılık, dul ve yetim, vb.) alan bireylerin işsizlikten çıkma durumu olasılığının daha uzun sürdüğü sonucuna varılmıştır.
Authentic leadership, leader anger and follower job outcomes: A comparison of angry vs. non-angry leaders
(2020) Baker, Nevra
This study investigates the effects of authentic leadership and leader anger on follower job outcomes of affective organizational commitment, trust in leader, and job satisfaction. In order to test the hypotheses of the study, an experiment and a survey were conducted, respectively. In the experiment, four different fictive leader types were constructed, and respondents were asked to answer questions about these leaders with the assumption that they worked with these fictional leaders. The findings of this study reveal that authentic leaders aroused higher levels of affective organizational commitment, trust in leader, and job satisfaction by their followers as compared to inauthentic leaders. Furthermore, both authentic and inauthentic leaders who displayed anger aroused lower levels of affective organizational commitment and trust in leader by their followers as compared to their counterparts who did not; and only authentic leaders who displayed ang
Lojistik 4.0 uygulamaları ve lojistik firmalarının bakış açısı
(2020) Karagöz, Bihter; Doyduk, Hande Begüm Bumin
Teknoloji yoğun sektörlerden biri olan lojistikte faaliyet gösteren işletmeler, hayatlarını sürdürebilmek ve rekabet avantajı elde edebilmek için birçok farklı teknoloji kullanmaktadır. Günümüz rekabetçi ürün ve hizmetleri için lojistik 4.0 uygulamaları, işletmelerin iş yapma şekillerini hızla değiştirmektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de lojistik hizmet sunan işletmelerin lojistik 4.0’a bakış açıları ve uygulama düzeyleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla on adet lojistik hizmet sunan işletmeye derinlemesine mülakat yöntemi ile lojistik 4.0 kavramı ve uygulamaları sorulmuş olup, bu uygulamaların işletmeleri nasıl etkilediği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Buradan hareketle sektörün lojistik 4.0 uygulamalarına ilişkin bir SWOT (GZFT - Güçlü ve Zayıf Yönler, Fırsatlar ve Tehditler) analizi yapılmıştır. Lojistik 4.0 uygulamalarına sahip olsun ya da olmasın işletmeler bu uygulamaların önemini anlamış bulunmaktalar. Araştırma sonucu, bu uygulamaların ülkemiz için giderek önem kazanacağını ortaya koymaktadır.
Impact of EU governance reforms and ECB policy reactions on European government bond markets
(International Economic Society, 2016) Ersoy, İmre; Doğan, Fadime İrem
This study aims to search for the impact of EU governance reforms and ECB policy reactions on European government bond markets. To analyze the short-run and long run effects of these reforms and policy reactions, dynamic and static panel data analysis are carried respectively both for PIIGS and 12 euro-zone countries for the period of 2007-2014. The main finding of the empirical study is that monetary policy reactions such as LTRO2 and OMT show immediate negative effects on the government bond yields in the dynamic models both in PIIGS and 12-panel cross-sections. Another finding of the study is that two-pack and the Banking Union had a negative impact on government bond interest rates in the static models both for PIIGS and 12 panel cross-sections. Besides, the analysis shows that the coefficients of the statistically significant variables of PIIGS are much higher than the 12-panel cross-sections’ coefficients, which shows how much the crisis affected the PIIGS countries. © International Economic Society.
High shopping mall patronage: Is there a dark side?
(Springer, 2013) Telci, E. Eser
Shopping malls that provide consumers climatic comfort and freedom from noise and traffic are centers for social and recreational activities as well as shopping. As they grow in number and differ from each other in terms of size and variety, consumer patronage regarding these enclosed retail environments become subject of greater scholarly inquiry. While there are voluminous studies that try to figure out the determinants of mall patronage, there is a lack of interest on its consequences. This study attempts to extend the literature by drawing attention to the dark side of increased mall patronage behavior. High shopping mall patronage level is predicted to be an important stimulator of consumers' materialism and compulsive consumption orientations. Besides, these effects are expected to be stronger for individuals with hedonic mall shopping motivations than for those with utilitarian mall shopping motivations. Results show that increased mall patronage stimulates materialistic values and compulsive buying tendencies; but these relationships do not show any significant differences among hedonic or utilitarian shopping motivations.
The effect of labor supply changes on output: Empirical evidence from US industries
(Springer, 2013) Akay, Gökhan H.; Doğan, Can
In this paper we examine the relationship between labor supply and industry-level output in the context of the specific factors model. Jones (Trade, balance of payment and growth: essays in honor of Charles P. Kindleberger, Amsterdam, pp 3-21, 1971) shows that a rise in the amount of labor in the economy will increase the output in all industries. We empirically show which industry output is predicted to expand more when the size of labor force grows. Unlike the commonly used Rybczynski Theorem (Economica 22:336-341, 1955) of the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the specific factors model shows that a comparison both of labor intensities and labor demand elasticities plays an important role in determining which output expands relatively more when the size of labor force grows. For this purpose, we illustrate the importance of the parameters of the model in determining how changes in the labor supply affect the output change, with special reference to elasticities of substitution in production. We estimate the elasticity of substitution by using CES production function and show how these estimates describe the general equilibrium of production with one mobile factor (labor) and 25 industries of the US economy using data for 1979-2001. We show that the increase in the supply of labor raise output in all industries, but the magnitudes of the increases in some industries are more than others depending on the value of the elasticity of substitution along with factor intensities between industries. The largest output effect occurs for educational, health care and social service, where a 1 % supply of labor increase would raise output 10.5 %. However, the growth in the labor supply has a small impact on output growth in the range of 0.1-0.6 % in agriculture, petroleum, coal product and finance and insurance industries.
Fostering impact investment in developing countries
(Ieee, 2014) Çetindamar, Dilek; Kozanoğlu, Hayri
The paper will present the development of impact investment as an industry and then specifically focus on the ways of fostering such a financial instrument in developing countries. Similar to the venture capital firms supporting innovation in high technology firms, impact investment firms are spurring social innovation in a vast variety of countries. Such a financial instrument might have high potential in developing countries that are facing with many social and environmental problems besides economic ones. Based on the experiences in advanced countries, we will attempt to compare the conditions of advanced and developing countries in terms of building and running impact investment industry. As impact investment is a unique financial institution, we will highlight how developing countries can learn from the experience of advanced countries and develop their own impact investment industry in order to foster their social innovation capability.
Impact of fit, involvement, and tenure on job satisfaction and turnover intention
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Maden, Ceyda
This study examined the interactive effects of need-supplies fit, job involvement, and job tenure on service sector employees' job satisfaction and turnover intention in Turkey. Survey data collected from 252 employees who worked in three different banks and one logistics company operating in Istanbul, Turkey, confirm the three-way interaction in predicting employees' turnover intention. In particular, the effect of needs-supplies fit on turnover intention was found to be more strongly positive for longer tenured, highly involved employees. Results also reveal that while the three-way interaction does not predict job satisfaction, the two-way interaction between needs-supplies fit and job involvement is significant. Specifically, needs-supplies fit had a stronger effect on the job satisfaction of highly job-involved employees than those with lower levels of involvement. Certain implications of these results, as well as avenues for future research, are discussed.
The simultaneous effects of fit with organizations, jobs and supervisors on major employee outcomes in Turkish banks: Does organizational support matter?
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Maden, Ceyda; Kabasakal, Hayat
This study examines the simultaneous effects of employees' fit with their organization, job and supervisor on their job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention in Turkish banks by paying special attention to the moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS) in these relationships. Survey data collected from 213 employees who work in five different banks operating in Istanbul, Turkey, show that employees' value fit with their organization increases their job satisfaction and organizational commitment significantly while having no direct effect on their turnover intention. The results also suggest a positive association between employees' fit with their job (needs-supplies fit) and their job satisfaction along with the negative, direct impact of job fit on turnover intention. The hypothesized relationships between employees' value fit with their supervisor and selected employee outcomes are not supported. With respect to the moderating role of POS, the overall findings indicate that a high level of organizational support suppresses the effects of employees' value fit with their organization on their job satisfaction and organizational commitment as well as reducing the relationship between their job fit and job satisfaction and turnover intention.
Exchange rate exposure at the firm and industry levels: Evidence from Turkey
(Elsevier, 2014) Akay, Gökhan H.; Çifter, Atilla
The purpose of this study is to examine industry-weighted exchange rate exposure at the firm and industry level for Turkish plants. We use an unbalanced panel of plant-level data for manufacturing firms in Turkey during the years of 2002 and 2010 in seven industries. The results indicate that macro indicators seem to be a more significant influence on the exchange rate exposure. Moreover, industry-weighted openness is the most important factor to determine the exchange rate exposure for Turkish firms. We also find that the direction of exposure varies at the industry level. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Linking high involvement human resource practices to employee proactivity the role of work engagement and learning goal orientation
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2015) Maden, Ceyda
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between employees' perceptions of high-involvement human resource (HR) practices, their levels of work engagement and learning goal orientation, and their proactive behaviors. Design/methodology/approach - The sample of the study included 240 employees who work in Istanbul, Turkey, chosen from the major industries that represent the economic profile of this city. The hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling procedure. Findings - The results revealed that apart from perceived recognition, all the perceived high-involvement HR practices were positively related to employees' work engagement, which in turn predicted their learning goal orientation. Besides, the results indicated that work engagement affected both individual innovation and feedback inquiry significantly, whereas learning goal orientation predicted only feedback inquiry. Finally, the findings revealed that only perceived empowerment and competency development practices were linked to feedback inquiry through work engagement and learning goal orientation. Research limitations/implications - The generalizability of the findings is limited. The data are based on self-report and the use of cross-sectional data does not allow any definite conclusions to be drawn about causality. Practical implications - Organizations that aim to increase employee proactivity need first to identify the means of increasing work engagement. One way of increasing engagement levels among employees is to invest in various kinds of supportive, high-involvement HR practices, such as competence development and information sharing. Originality/value - This study explores the notion of high-involvement HR practices with employee proactivity in an integrative way by viewing work engagement as a latent mechanism that links high-involvement HR practices to proactive behaviors both directly and indirectly via increased learning goal orientation.
A gendered lens on entrepreneurship: Women entrepreneurship in Turkey
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2015) Maden, Ceyda
Purpose - This study aims to shed light on women's entrepreneurship in Turkey by focusing on the profile of women entrepreneurs, key drivers behind their decision to establish their own business, challenges they face while initiating and running their business and support mechanisms for women entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach - Semi-structured interviews were conducted by ten successful women entrepreneurs in Turkey. Survey forms were also sent to the representatives of four different organizations that support women entrepreneurship. Three completed survey forms were received back from these organizations. Four key areas that originate from the research question (i.e. profile, drivers, problems and support mechanisms) have constituted the basis of the semi-structured interview guide and that of thematic analysis. Findings - The results have revealed that there are important similarities among Turkish women entrepreneurs with respect to their personality traits or characteristics. Successful women entrepreneurs in Turkey were described as being persistent and determined, patient, mentally strong and visionary and innovative. The interviews also revealed that exploiting unique opportunities in the business environment, working for the good of society and being independent in one's decisions and actions are the major factors behind Turkish women entrepreneurs' decision to become entrepreneurs. On the other hand, finding and managing capital emerged as the most important problem for women entrepreneurs in Turkey despite the existence of various support mechanisms. Finally, the findings showed that the majority of women entrepreneurs in Turkey use traditional ways (i. e. governmental and non-governmental support mechanisms and banks) to get financial support. Family members and business partners are the other sources of financial support, which may also provide moral support to women entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications - The generalizability of the findings is limited, as the study is exploratory, rather than causal in nature. Practical implications - This study provides certain recommendations to the interested parties, such as policymakers, to create a proper economic, social, political, cultural and legal environment for women in which they can freely and willingly go into and run business. Originality/value - The paper fills an important gap in the literature by systematically reviewing the extant literature on women entrepreneurship in Turkey and combining and comparing the prior findings with qualitative data derived from the interviews with ten successful women entrepreneurs.
Job resources, engagement, and proactivity: A moderated mediation model
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2016) Maden-Eyiusta, Ceyda
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating impact of work engagement on the relationship between three developmental job resources (i.e. autonomy, task variety, and feedback) and proactive work behaviors. It also attempted to explore the moderating role of job fit (demands-abilities (D-A) fit and needs-supplies (N-S) fit) in the proposed model. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected from 225 employees in 20 small and medium-size enterprises in Istanbul, Turkey. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regressions and hierarchical moderated regressions. Findings - It was found that engagement mediated the relationships between job autonomy, task variety, and proactive behaviors. Results also revealed that the relationships between autonomy, task variety, and engagement were positive and significant only for the employees with low D-A fit while the positive impact of engagement on proactive behaviors existed only for those employees with high N-S fit. The conditional indirect impact of job resources on proactive behaviors was strongest when the D-A fit was low and the N-S fit was high while this effect was non-significant when the D-A fit was high and the N-S fit was (either) low or high. Research limitations/implications - The generalizability of the findings is limited. Moreover, as the data are cross-sectional, it is not possible to derive causal inferences about the hypothesized relationships. Practical implications-Organizations should provide their employees with more autonomy and task variety to enhance their engagement and proactivity. Moreover, organizations need to consider their employees' level of job fit when they provide certain job resources. Originality/value - This study tests the mediating role of engagement on the relationships between three developmental job resources and proactive behaviors. It also sheds light on the moderating role of job fit in the proposed mediation model.

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