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Öğe Development of sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] seed coating material against rodents and evaluation of its performance on seed germination and emergence(CZECH ACADEMY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025) Tandoğan, Mesut; Özdemir, Mehmet; Aslan, Vedat; Hacıyusufoğlu, Ahmet F.; Kul, Ali Ayhan; Şen, Emine; Polatoğlu, Kaan; Oran, Duygu Sultan; Arıcıoğlu, Feyza; Turan, İlhami; Atmaca, SalihProtecting sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] seeds from rodents is crucial to ensure successful germination and emergence in activities such as artificial regeneration, afforestation, and seedling production. This study examined the effects of 12 natural or nature-identical substances, believed to have repellent properties, on the germination, emergence, and survival of sessile oak acorns under both laboratory and field conditions. Acorns were coated using a diatomaceous clay-based pellet system, and a Y-maze experiment was conducted to evaluate rodent behaviour. As a result of the research, among the tested substances, Ferulago confusa and Foeniculum vulgare were recommended as rodent repellents due to their success in laboratory and field trials. Diesel fuel + hair, a conventional repellent, showed poor performance and is not recommended. This study underscores the potential efficacy of natural or nature-identical coatings for protecting seeds from pests in forestry applications.Öğe Optimization of Semi-Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Dispersions by Quality by Design Approach for Dermal Delivery of Curcumin(Springer, 2025) Badıllı, Ulya; Şen, Aslı; Yeğen, Gizem; Çiloğlu, Berna Güven; Aksu, Buket; Beşikçi, Arzu OnayCurcumin is an important anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of skin disorders. However, its low water solubility, poor bioavailability, and instability limit the utilization of curcumin. Semi-solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN and NLC) dispersions, which maintain their colloidal particle size despite their high viscosity, offer a novel promising approach with high potential for dermal curcumin delivery. In this study, novel semi-solid SLN-NLC formulations of curcumin were manufactured using a one-step method, without the need to disperse the nanoparticles in an additional vehicle. Modde Pro 12 was used to examine the relationship between variables and quality attributes. QbD-based formulation optimization was successfully performed using artificial neural network program (ANN), and optimum semi-solid SLN-NLC formulations were prepared. The particle size of the optimum formulations was found to be 204.7 ± 1.5 nm for SS-SLN-Opt and 198.5 ± 0.81 nm for SS-NLC-Opt, indicating that the particle sizes were within the targeted range. The amount of curcumin released from the SS-NLC-Opt formulation was 33.72 ± 4.99% at 24th Hour, which was higher than the release obtained from the eight SS-NLC formulations entered as input into the ANN program. On the other hand, while the curcumin release percentage at the 24th Hour from the SS-SLN formulations entered into the program ranged between 11.13% and 44.31%, the release amount for the SS-SLN-Opt formulation was found to be 38.34 ± 3.48%, which was within this range and close to the maximum value. Rheological characterization results indicated that the optimum semi-solid SLN and NLC formulations were more elastic than viscous. The stability of the optimum semi-solid SLN formulation at 4 °C was higher than that of the optimum semi-solid NLC after one month. In vivo studies in rats revealed that the optimum semi-solid SLN formulation exhibited higher anti-inflammatory activity than both the optimum semi-solid NLC and the conventional gel. The SS-SLN-Opt formulation effectively reduced the inflammation in rats starting from the first hour. In conclusion, the optimum semi-solid SLN formulation, which is more stable and has higher anti-inflammatory activity, is a promising alternative for the dermal delivery of curcumin.Öğe Design and optimization of 5 × 5 Network on the securing router with integrated SHA-3 & AES core in FPGA for wearable applications(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Al-Sharea, Sara AbdulHaleem Nori; Çevik, MesutNetwork-on-Chip (NoC) has been a scalable and effective communication platform for contemporary multi-core systems, providing high-speed data exchange among IP cores with optimized power usage and security. Conventional NoC designs are plagued by latency bottlenecks and security issues, especially in wearable devices, where low power, real-time processing, and data confidentiality are essential. The current work introduces a 5 × 5 NoC router designed specifically for secure, low-power wearable systems, that employs AES-128 encryption and SHA-3 hashing to achieve end-to-end data integrity and confidentiality. Cryptographic cores are provided at the NI level based on pipeline-based encryption to minimize the processing overhead. The suggested FPGA-based NoC design reduces the utilization of logic gates by 10%, increases the speed of data processing by 5%, and decreases power consumption by 20%, which is suitable for resource-limited situations. Performance measurement under mixed traffic loads reveals that at a 1 Gbps injection rate, the system supports an end-to-end aggregate throughput of 1.05 Gbps with reduced flit transmission latency by 25% (from 120 to 90 ns) over traditional NoCs. The system also provides improved security with minimal degradation in throughput and a balance among data protection, performance, and power efficiency. These optimizations make the suggested secure NoC a strong candidate to implement real-time, low-power applications in wearable and IoT settings.Öğe Comparative evaluation of pediatric rotary file systems and hand files for root canal preparation in primary molars: an in vitro study(MRE PRESS, 2025) İlisulu, Sabiha Ceren; Birant, Sinem; Amasya, HakanBackground: The purpose of the study was to compare pediatric rotary files with hand K-files regarding the amount of dentin removal, root canal transportation, root canal surface area and volume in primary mandibular second molars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 36 primary teeth were randomly divided into four groups; K-file, Fanta AF Baby file, EndoArt Ni-Ti Pedo file Gold Kit, MiniSCOPE Ni-Ti Gold Pediatric file. Samples were imaged with CBCT before and after canal instrumentation. For root canal surface area and volume measurements, 3Matic (Materialize, Belgium) software was used. Linear measurements were performed using NNT iRYS software. Data analysis was conducted using the Dunn’s test and the Kruskal Wallis test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used. Results: Compared to pediatric rotary files, the K-file was shown to remove a statistically greater amount of dentin at the coronal level (p = 0.032). The difference in dentin thickness with the K-file was significantly greater than with the EndoArt file (p = 0.017) and the MiniSCOPE file (p = 0.007). The volume difference with the MiniSCOPE file was significantly less than with the Fanta file (p = 0.002) and the EndoArt file (p = 0.032). Root canal transportation was significantly greater with the K-file compared to the Fanta AF Baby file in both the oblique (p = 0.031) and buccal-lingual (p = 0.006) directions. Conclusions: Pediatric rotary files could be considered an efficient alternative to the hand K-file in biomechanical instrumentation. Three dimensional analysis can provide better comprehensive approach to evaluating the pediatric rotary instruments.Öğe Flood Management with Flood Galleries in a Reservoir Basin(Springer, 2025) Dilek, Zuhal Elif Kara; Opan, Mucahit; Bacaksız, EfsunFuture precipitation patterns are expected to shift toward sudden, intense rainfall events. Therefore, existing water reserves must be adapted, and new management systems developed to address these changing conditions. Galleries can serve a dual role by diverting potentially threatening floodwater to delay its arrival at the dam while also contributing to groundwater recharge through infiltration. This study focuses on 25-year return period floods at Yuvacık Dam, Turkey. Water levels at the reservoir inlet were raised via a regulating structure, allowing the gravitational diversion of floodwater into galleries. Approximately 2.2 hm³ of floodwater was diverted; 1.8 hm³ was directed to galleries, and 0.4 hm³ infiltrated into groundwater. Changes in peak discharge and flood duration before and after diversion were analyzed using a MATLAB-based flood routing model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the effects of gallery diameter, slope, and permeability coefficient on infiltration performance. Results indicate a 16% reduction in peak flood discharge. The proposed system is expected to enhance both flood safety and water resource management by enabling controlled diversion and partial infiltration of potentially wasteful floodwaters.Öğe Prognostic Value of the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet Score in Metastatic Mesothelioma: A Retrospective Study(Karger, 2025) Doğan, Özlem; Düzköprü, Yakup; Tulay, ErenIntroduction: Malignant mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet (HALP) score, reflecting inflammation and nutritional status, is a potential prognostic marker in various cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the HALP score in mesothelioma. Methods: This retrospective study included 68 metastatic mesothelioma patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2023. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and HALP scores were calculated at the time of metastasis. Patients were divided into HALP-low and HALP-high groups based on the median HALP score. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The median HALP score was 24.85. The median OS for the entire cohort was 11.59 months. Patients with low HALP scores had significantly worse OS (7.81 months) compared to those with high HALP scores (16.36 months) (p = 0.01). Similarly, median PFS was significantly shorter in the HALP-low group (7.29 months) compared to the HALP-high group (12.12 months) (p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, low HALP score (p = 0.02) and de novo metastatic disease (p = 0.01) remained independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the HALP score is an independent prognostic biomarker in metastatic mesothelioma. Low HALP scores are associated with worse OS and PFS. Given its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, the HALP score may be a valuable tool for risk stratification and treatment decision-making in clinical practice.Öğe A Bioactive Emulgel Formulation of Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Methanol Extract: Integrating Antioxidant Activity, Skin Enzyme Inhibition, and Permeation Kinetics(Basel, 2025) Şentürk, Tuğba Buse; Barak, Timur Hakan; Çağlar, Emre Şefik; Saldamlı, Emine; Özdemir Nath, Ebru; Özdemir, Zafer ÖmerEquisetum telmateia Ehrh. (great horsetail) belongs to the Equisetaceae family and its aerial parts have been traditionally used for skin conditions and to achieve healthy and resilient skin, nails, and hair. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of skin-related enzymes by, the antioxidant capacity of, and the phytochemical composition of E. telmateia. Additionally, a novel emulgel was formulated from the main methanolic extract and characterized in terms of pH, viscosity, determination of content quantification, textural profile analysis, and spreadability. After the characterization studies, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation and penetration studies were performed. Firstly, the dried aerial parts of E. telmateia were macerated in methanol, followed by partitioning with solvents of increasing polarity: n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, and TOAC assays, while enzyme inhibition was analyzed for collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 53 phytochemical compounds. Protocatechuic acid, the main phenolic compound, was quantitatively analyzed in each subfraction by HPTLC. The in vitro release studies showed sustained release of the reference substance (protocatechuic acid) and the kinetic modeling of the release was fitted to the Higuchi model. The ex vivo permeation and penetration studies showed that the formulation exhibited a retention of 3.06 ± 0.21 µg.cm−2 after 24 h, whereas the suspended extract demonstrated a skin retention of 1.28 ± 0.47 µg.cm−2. Both the extracts and the formulated emulgel exhibited inhibitory effects on skin-related enzymes. Our finding suggested that E. telmateia might be a valuable ingredient for wrinkle care and skin-regenerating cosmetics.Öğe The unseen struggle-depression and associated factors in geriatric cancer patients(Frontiers Media, 2025) Doğan, Özlem; Şahinli, Hayriye; Yazılıtaş, Doğan; Kantarcı, SelenBackground: The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of depression and its associations, rather than causal relationships, in patients aged 65 years and older receiving chemotherapy, using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January 2023 and December 2023 at Ankara Etlik City Hospital, including 501 chemotherapy patients aged 65 years and older. Patients receiving only oral therapy, those under palliative care, those with brain metastases, or those with insufficient cognitive functionality were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records. Depression was assessed using the 15-item Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), with scores ≥5 indicating high depression symptoms. Results: Among the 501 patients included in the study, 204 (40.7%) were female, with a median age of 69 years (range: 65–84 years). A total of 214 patients (42.7%) had high depressive symptom scores (GDS ≥ 5). A multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following as independent predictors of depression: being female (odds ratio (OR): 1.481, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.011–2.168, p = 0.04), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 21 (OR: 1.665, 95% CI: 1.081–2.564, p = 0.02), higher pain scores (OR: 1.269, 95% CI: 1.122–1.436, p < 0.001), insomnia (OR: 1.626, 95% CI: 1.109–2.384, p = 0.01), and weak social support (OR: 2.004, 95% CI: 1.046–3.839, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our study highlights the high prevalence of depressive symptoms among geriatric cancer patients. In this population, early diagnosis and management of depression, with particular attention to independent risk factors such as pain and insomnia, as well as strengthening social support mechanisms, may be crucial for enhancing quality of life and improving treatment adherence.Öğe Integrative machine learning approaches for enhanced cardiovascular disease prediction: a comparative analysis of XGBoost and ANFIS algorithms(Springer, 2025) Muhyi, Diyar Fadhil; Ata, OğuzCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for advanced diagnostic tools to improve early detection and patient outcomes. This study evaluates the predictive performance of two machine learning models-Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-across five datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository: Cleveland, Hungary, Switzerland, Long Beach VA, and Statlog Heart. Comprehensive preprocessing steps-including imputation, standardization, one-hot encoding, and SMOTEENN-were applied to ensure data consistency and address class imbalance. XGBoost achieved perfect accuracy (100%) on the Switzerland and Statlog datasets, reflecting its strength in structured data environments and consistent predictive performance. Conversely, ANFIS outperformed XGBoost on the Cleveland dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness in modeling complex, nonlinear relationships. Performance evaluation metrics included accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, F2 score, and ROC-AUC. XGBoost consistently delivered high precision and recall, which are essential for minimizing false positives and negatives in clinical settings. ANFIS yielded high F2 scores, indicating a stronger emphasis on reducing false negatives-a critical concern in CVD diagnosis. This comparative analysis suggests that while XGBoost is well suited for scalable, high-throughput diagnostic applications, ANFIS offers greater interpretability and is more effective in nuanced clinical scenarios. These findings underscore the potential of integrating advanced machine learning models into cardiovascular disease prediction frameworks to enhance diagnostic accuracy and support real-world healthcare decision-making.Öğe An intelligent atrous convolution-based cascaded deep learning framework for enhanced privacy preservation performance in edge computing(IOS Press, 2025) Siryeh, Fatima Abu; Ibrahim, Abdullahi AbduA system without any communication delays, called edge computing, has been introduced for nearer and faster services. The major concern in the edge computing scenario is its privacy risks. A user, as well as a cloud data preservation scheme, is the main aim of this paperwork. Test data is given by the user to access the cloud-based data processing framework. The training of the suitable model is carried out by utilizing the data stored in the cloud. The suggested model divides the entire model into two sections, namely, the untrusted cloud and the trusted edge. On the trusted edge side the data is directly provided to the developed advanced deep learning model called the Atrous Convolution based Cascaded Deep Temporal Convolution Network (ACC-DTCN) for the data analysis process. However, instead of giving the whole data directly to the untrusted cloud side, the test data is protected on the cloud side by utilizing a hybrid encryption technique called the Optimal Hybrid Encryption Model (OHEM). Both Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) and Homomorphic Encryption (HE) are utilized in the recommended OHEM scheme. The OHEM variables are tuned with the help of an advanced algorithm called the Enhanced Ladybug Beetle Optimization algorithm (ELBOA). The confidence score vector among the testing and training data is predicted by the implemented ACC-DTCN model by utilizing the encrypted data on the cloud side. The suggested privacy preservation scheme provides higher prediction accuracy and prevents interference attacks while contrasting it against conventional methods during extensive experimentations.Öğe Donor impact on allogeneic transplant outcomes with PTCy for severe aplastic anemia: a study of the SAAWP EBMT(Scientific & Medical Division, 2025) Montoro, Juan; Eikema, Dirk-Jan; Piepenbroek, Brian; Tuffnell, Joe; Halahleh, Khalid; Kulagin, Alexander; AlAhmari, Ali; Adaklı Aksoy, Başak; Remenyi, Peter; Itala-Remes, Maija; Gülbaş, Zafer; McDonald, Andrew; Apte, Shashikant; Kwon, Mi; Rovira, Montserrat; Kharya, Gaurav; Potter, Victoria; Gambella, Massimilano; Schroeder, Thomas; Giammarco, Sabrina; Bazarbachi, Ali; Aljurf, Mahmoud; Ho, Aloysius; Dalle, Jean-Hugues; Vydra, Jan; Sanz, Jaime; Perez-Simon, Jose Antonio; Colita, Anca; Collin, Matthew; Tanase, Alina; Halkes, Constantijn; Kulasekararaj, Austin; Risitano, Antonio; de Latour, Regis PeffaultThe use of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) remains understudied, particularly beyond haploidentical transplants. We analyzed outcomes of SAA patients who underwent stem cell transplantation (SCT) with PTCy from haploidentical donors (n = 209), HLA-matched sibling donors (MSD, n = 70), and unrelated donors (UD, n = 69) using EBMT data from 2010 to 2022. Median age was 22 years, and median time to transplantation was 8.6 months. For haploidentical, MSD, and UD cohorts, the 100-day cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 19%, 11%, and 14% (p = 0.15), while grade III-IV was 6%, 3%, and 2% (p = 0.1). Two-year chronic and extensive chronic GVHD were 14%, 13%, and 14% (p = 0.1) and 5%, 6%, and 2% (p = 0.5), respectively. Non-relapse mortality at two years was 24% for haploidentical, 7% for MSD, and 10% for UD (p = 0.003). Two-year overall survival (OS) and GVHD- and relapse-free survival were 66% and 54% for haploidentical, 92% and 70% for MSD, and 81% and 66% for UD (p < 0.001, p = 0.06). In multivariable analysis, MSD and UD were associated with superior OS and GRFS compared to haploidentical. PTCy is safe and effective in SAA patients, though haploidentical SCT had higher NRM, leading to lower survival.Öğe An enhanced attention and dilated convolution-based ensemble model for network intrusion detection system against adversarial evasion attacks(Springer, 2025) Awad, Omer Fawzi; Çevik, Mesut; Farhan, Hameed MutlagNetwork Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is a system for recognizing suspicious activities in the network traffic. Numerous machines learning and deep learning-aided IDSs have been implemented in the past, however, most of these techniques face challenges based on class imbalance issues and high false positive rates. Other primary problems of the conventional techniques are their vulnerability to adversarial attacks and also there is no analysis done on how NIDS sustain their performance over various attacks. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that while handling the attackers in real-time, the deep learning-based IDS shows slight variations in accuracy. To defend against adversarial evasion attacks, an enhanced deep learning-based NIDS model is designed in this work. For this purpose, at first, the required data is collected from available websites. From the collected data, effective features are extracted to improve the accuracy of the process. To select the optimal features, this work employed the Improved Cheetah Optimizer (ICO) that eliminates the unwanted features efficiently. Further, an Attention and Dilated Convolution based Ensemble Network (ADCEN) is implemented to detect the intrusions from the optimal features. The Deep Temporal Convolutional Neural Network (DTCN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models are integrated to develop the ADCEN. The outcomes from each technique are considered for the fuzzy ranking mechanism to generate the final detected outcome. Thus, recognized intrusion is attained as the outcome and to demonstrate how well the recommended deep learning-based NIDS defends against adversarial evasion assaults, experiments are conducted against conventional models. The accuracy and the FPR values of the recommended model are 95 and 4.9 when considering the first dataset which is superior to the conventional techniques. Thus, the findings indicated that the implemented NIDS against adversarial evasion attacks attained more effective solutions than the baseline approaches.Öğe SCEN-SCADA Security: An Enhanced Osprey Optimization-Based Cyber Attack Detection Model in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System Using Serial Cascaded Ensemble Network(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2025) Alzubaidi, Fatimah Yaseen Hashim; Kurnaz, Sefer; Naseri, Raghda Awad Shaban; Farhan, Hameed MutlagA significant role of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems is to support the operation of the energy system, where Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is utilized to interconnect devices, and this increases the system complexity. The interconnection of SCADA systems increases complexity and the potential for cybersecurity vulnerabilities. In addition, the SCADA networks with legacy devices are affected by inherent cybersecurity deliberation that has provided severe cybersecurity vulnerable points. With the adoption of local-area networks and Internet Protocol (IP)-driven proprietary, malicious or unauthorized user accesses the information from outside sources, and hence, the SCADA systems are weakened by the elaborate attacks. SCADA systems need to deliberate the Denial of Service (DoS) and catastrophic failure and maloperation, which may subsequently compromise the safety and stability of the operations in the power system. Therefore, the pertinent priority in SCADA is to strengthen cybersecurity to guarantee reliable operation, and also, the system stability is governed concerning communications integrity. The smart grid features are used in the conventional machine learning approaches for identifying cyber attacks. Hence, implementing an efficient and accurate cyber attack detection approach with less computational overhead is still a crucial research problem in SCADA. So, a novel and secure model for cyber attack detection in the SCADA system using advanced deep learning techniques together with the heuristic algorithm is executed in this research work. The SCADA data are collected from various power grids. The features from these data are optimally selected and fused with the optimal weights to obtain the weighted optimal features. The weighted optimal feature selection is done using the Enhanced Osprey Optimization Algorithm (EOOA). These optimally selected weighted features are given to the Serial Cascaded Ensemble Network (SCEN) to obtain the final detection output. The developed SCEN is made with the cascading of Autoencoder, Dilated Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), and Bayesian classifier. The parameters in the SCEN are tuned using the executed IOOA. The final detection of the presence or absence of a cyber attack is evaluated by this SCEN. The performance and the efficiency of the developed framework are confirmed and contrasted by conducting various experiments.Öğe Effects of Caffeic Acid on Human Health: Pharmacological and Therapeutic Effects, Biological Activity and Toxicity(Springer, 2025) Yazar, Memet; Sevindik, Mustafa; Uysal, Imran; Polat, Abdullah OzanPhenolic compounds are bioactive compounds found in many natural products. Natural products exhibit biological activities because of their bioactive compounds. This review presents an overview of the general characteristics of caffeic acid, including its derivatives and biosynthesis, pharmacological and therapeutic effects, and biological activities. According to the literature research conducted, it has been reported that there are medical and pharmacological effects such as atherosclerotic, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, hypertension, radiotherapy, neurodegeneration, neuroprotective, anxiety, vasoactive, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Furthermore, it has been observed that the substance possesses biological activities such as antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, anticancer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulatory, antidiabetic, and antiviral properties. Within this scope, it is believed that caffeic acid could serve as a significant natural resource in pharmacological designs.Öğe A Cross-sectional Analysis of Immunological and Hematological Parameters in Patients With Chronic Opioid Use(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Ergelen, Mine; Usta Sağlam, Nazife Gamze; Arpacıoğlu, Mahmut Selim; Yalçın, Murat; İzci, FilizBackground and Aim: Previous research has recognized the dual role of opioids [agonists at μ-opioid receptors (MOP-r agonists)] in modulating immunity and neuroinflammation in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). This cross-sectional study investigates the interplay between chronic use of MOP-r agonists and inflammatory parameters in individuals with OUD, with the goal of providing insights into the relationship between immunological responses and OUD. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 129 patients with OUD seeking treatment at an addiction detoxification center underwent detailed clinical assessments. Blood samples were collected for analyses of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and C-reactive protein levels, and a complete blood count. Participants were categorized into inflammation and noninflammation groups based on C-reactive protein levels. Hematological and inflammation indices, along with pain severity, were compared between these groups. Results: Significant differences were observed between the inflammation and noninflammation groups on variables such as duration of MOP-r agonist intake, daily buprenorphine/naloxone dose, consumption route, severity of withdrawal symptoms, and level of self-reported pain. The inflammation group exhibited higher neutrophil counts and an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The binary logistic regression models revealed that self-reported pain level, daily buprenorphine/naloxone dosage, Beck Depression Inventory scores, and age were significant predictors of inflammation. Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of OUD as a chronic inflammatory condition, shedding light on the intricate relationships between MOP-r agonist addiction, inflammatory responses, and withdrawal-related parameters. The findings offer valuable perspectives on effective management, emphasizing the need for further research in diverse populations to enhance understanding of this complex condition.Öğe Structural Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint After Botulinum Toxin Injection Into the Masseter Muscle in Experimentally Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats(Blackwell Scientific Publications, 2025) Coşkun, Ümmügülsüm; Yılmaz Altıntaş, NurayBackground: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections into the masticatory muscles have been used as a treatment to improve symptoms related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. However, its safety and long-term effects on TMJ structures remain inconclusive and are still under discussion. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the effects of BoNT injection into the masseter affect the mandibular condyle in a rat model of TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA). Methods: Sixteen male Wistar albino rats were used. The 32 TMJ joints were divided into four groups: (1) TMJ-OA with BoNT (OA + BTX), (2) TMJ-OA without BoNT (OA), (3) BoNT without TMJ-OA (BTX) and (4) control. TMJ-OA was induced by CFA injections. One week later, BoNT was administered to the masseter in the OA + BTX and BTX groups. Micro-CT imaging was performed 8 weeks later to assess the TMJ condyle. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences in bone mineral density and microarchitectural changes between the BTX/control and the OA/OA-BTX groups, except for trabecular separation (p < 0.05). The OA and OA + BTX groups exhibited lower bone volume fraction and bone mineral density compared to the BTX and control groups. No significant differences were observed between the BTX and the groups without BoNT, suggesting that BoNT did not result in bone loss in healthy TMJs or in TMJ-OA cases. Conclusions: BoNT does not have a significant effect on healthy or existing degenerative conditions in the TMJ. Long-term experimental studies and clinical trials are needed to validate the safety of BoNT in managing TMJ-OA.Öğe Protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews evaluating the efficacy of digital health solutions in supporting adult cancer survivorship care(Public Library of Science, 2025) Keane, Danielle; Calbimonte, Jean-Paul; Pawlowska, Ewa; Kassianos, Angelos P.; Medina, Joan C.; Gregorio, Joao; Serra-Blasco, Maria; Celebic, Aleksandar; Meglio, Antonio Di; Asadi-Azarbaijani, Babak; Foster, Claire; Donohoe, Claire L.; Mafra, Allini; Backes, Claudine; Ochoa-Arnedo, Cristian; Gezer, Derya; Bozkul, Gamze; Taşvuran Horata, Emel; Özkan, Esra; Prue, Gillian; İşcan, Gökçe; Dural, Gül; Bahçecioğlu, Gülcan; Ersöğütçü, Filiz; Berzina, Guna; Bektaş, Hicran; Vaz-Luis, Ines; Mlakar, Izidor; Rocha-Gomes, Joao; O'Connor, Mairead; Clara, Maria Ines; Karekla, Maria; Hagen, Marte Hoff; İmançer, Merve Saniye; Çöme, Oğulcan; Mevsim, Vildan; Aksoy, Nilay; Martins, Rui Miguel; Yokuş, Sıdıka Ece; Bayram, Şule Bıyık; Akçakaya Can, Aysun; Brandao, Tania; Saab, Mohamad M.; Bayar Muluk, Nuray; Yıldırım, Zeynep; Podina, Ioana R.; Karadağ, Songül; Erden, Sevilay; Semerci, Remziye; Aydın, Aydanur; Frountzas, Maximos; Üzen Cura, Şengül; Ruveyde, Aydın; Billis, Antonios; Calleja-Agius, Jean; Vojvodic, Katarina; Jaswal, Poonam; Şahin, Eda; Ilgaz, Ayşegül; Pilleron, Sophie; Hegarty, JosephineIntroduction The growing number of people living with, through and beyond cancer poses a new challenge for sustainable survivorship care solutions. Digital health solutions which incorporate various information and communication technologies are reshaping healthcare; offering huge potential to facilitate health promotion, support healthcare efficiencies, improve access to healthcare and positively impact health outcomes. Digital health solutions include websites and mobile applications, health information technologies, telehealth solutions, wearable devices, AI-supported chatbots and other technologically assisted provision of health information, communication and services. The breadth and scope of digital health solutions necessitate a synthesis of evidence on their use in supportive care in cancer. This umbrella review will identify, synthesise, and compare systematic reviews which have evaluated the efficacy or effectiveness of digital solutions for adult cancer survivorship care with a particular focus on surveillance and management of physical effects, psychosocial effects, new cancer/ recurring cancers and supporting health promotion and disease prevention. Methods and analysis An umbrella review of published systematic reviews will be undertaken to explore the types of digital health solutions used, their efficacy or effectiveness as a form of supportive care, and the barriers and enablers associated with their implementation. The umbrella review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR) checklist. A search will be conducted across key databases. Records will be assessed independently by two review authors for eligibility against predefined criteria and will undergo two stage title, abstract and full text screening. All systematic reviews that meet the inclusion criteria will be assessed for quality using the AMSTAR 2 checklist with quality assessment and data extraction by two reviewers. The degree of publication overlap of primary studies across the included reviews will also be calculated and a mapping of the evidence will also be presented.Öğe Efficacy and safety of first-line maintenance therapy with lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (IMforte): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial(Elsevier, 2025) Paz-Ares, Luis; Borghaei, Hossein; Liu, Stephen V.; Peters, Solange; Herbst, Roy S.; Stencel, Katarzyna; Majem, Margarita; Şendur, Mehmet Ali Nahit; Czyzewicz, Grzegorz; Caro, Reyes Bernabe; Lee, Ki Hyeong; Johnson, Melissa L.; Karadurmuş, Nuri; Grohe, Christian; Baka, Sofia; Csoszi, Tibor; Ahn, Jin Seok; Califano, Raffaele; Yang, Tsung-Ying; Kemal, Yasemin; Ballinger, Marcus; Cuchelkar, Vaikunth; Graupner, Vilma; Lin, Ya-Chen; Chakrabarti, Debasis; Bhatt, Kamalnayan; Cai, George; Iannone, Robert; Reck, Martin; IMforte investigatorsBackground: Despite improved efficacy with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors plus platinum-based chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), survival remains poor. In this study, we aimed to compare lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab and atezolizumab alone as maintenance therapies in patients with ES-SCLC without progression after induction therapy with atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide. Methods: IMforte was a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial done at 96 hospitals and medical centres in 13 countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Poland, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Türkiye, the UK, and the USA). Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with treatment-naive ES-SCLC. Patients received four 21-day cycles of induction treatment (atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide). After completing induction treatment, eligible patients without disease progression were randomly assigned (1:1) using permuted blocks (Interactive Voice/Web Response System) to receive maintenance treatment intravenously every 3 weeks with lurbinectedin (3·2 mg/m2; with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis) plus atezolizumab (1200 mg) or atezolizumab (1200 mg). The two primary endpoints were independent review facility-assessed (IRF) progression-free survival and overall survival, measured from randomisation into the maintenance phase. Efficacy endpoints were assessed in the full analysis set, which included all patients who were randomly assigned to maintenance phase treatment, regardless of whether they received their assigned study treatment. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of lurbinectedin or atezolizumab, and was analysed according to the treatment received. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05091567, and is closed for recruitment. Findings: Between Nov 17, 2021, and Jan 11, 2024, 895 patients were screened for enrolment, of whom 660 (74%) were enrolled into the induction phase. Between May 24, 2022, and April 30, 2024, 483 (73%) of 660 patients entered the maintenance phase and were randomly assigned to lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab (n=242) or atezolizumab (n=241). At the data cutoff (July 29, 2024), IRF progression-free survival was longer in the lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab group than the atezolizumab group (stratified hazard ratio [HR] 0·54 [95% CI 0·43–0·67]; p<0·0001), as was overall survival (stratified HR 0·73 [0·57–0·95]; p=0·017). 92 (38%) of 242 patients in the lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab group and 53 (22%) of 240 patients in the atezolizumab group had grade 3–4 adverse events. The most common grade 3–4 events in the lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab group were anaemia (20 [8%] of 242 patients), decreased neutrophil count (18 [7%] patients), and decreased platelet count (18 [7%] patients) and the most common events in the atezolizumab group were hyponatremia (five [2%] of 240 patients), dyspnoea (four [2%] patients), and pneumonia (four [2%] patients). Grade 5 adverse events occurred in 12 (5%) of 242 patients in the lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab group and six (3%) of 240 patients in the atezolizumab group. The incidence of myelosuppressive toxicities (eg, neutropenia and leukopenia) was higher in the lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab group than the atezolizumab group. Interpretation: IRF progression-free survival and overall survival were longer in the lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab group than the atezolizumab group for patients with ES-SCLC, albeit with a higher incidence of adverse events. Lurbinectedin plus atezolizumab represents a novel therapeutic option for first-line maintenance treatment in this setting. Funding: F Hoffmann-La Roche and Jazz Pharmaceuticals.Öğe A Novel Pancreatic Tumor Detection and Diagnosis Using Adaptive TransResUnet Aided Segmentation and ASPP with Multi-Scale EfficientNet-Based Classification(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Athab, Naama Methab; Ibrahim, Abdullahi Abdu; Naseri, Raghda Awad Shaban; Farhan, Hameed MutlagA deadly disease with poor prognosis procedure available at present is the pancreatic tumor. Efficient detection is done using a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system. The early detection of pancreatic tumors can enhance the survival rate. However, no sufficient works are dedicated to detect pancreatic tumors at its beginning stages. Hence, an advanced deep learning-oriented segmentation process to assist in the detection of pancreatic tumor is developed in this work. The necessary CT and MRI images are gathered from the utilization of IoT-based devices. Once the input image is gathered, the segmentation is carried out. An Adaptive TransResUnet (ATResUNet) is utilized for the segmentation procedure. The variables in the ATResUNet are tuned with the help of Improved African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (IAVOA). The segmented image is further considered to crop the Region of Interest (ROI). The cropped ROI is finally given as input to the suggested Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling-based Multi-scale EfficientNet with Attention Mechanism (ASPP-MENetAM) model. The detection of the pancreatic tumor is carried out using the ASPP-MENetAM framework. The detection outcome from the implemented ASPP-MENetAM is then compared with the results from other conventional pancreatic tumor detection models to assess the efficacy of the implemented detection system.Öğe Association between clinical findings and 3T MRI features in temporomandibular joint disorders(BioMed Central, 2025) Özel, Şelale; Tunç, Selmi; Şenol, Abdullah UtkuBackground: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) commonly cause restricted mouth opening and pain, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. This study aims to explore the relationship between common clinical symptoms—clicking and limited mouth opening—and MRI findings in patients diagnosed with TMD. Methods: A total of 46 patients, with either clicking sounds or limited mouth opening, were examined using a 3T MRI scanner. The study evaluated disc position, disc deformity, and signs of osteoarthrosis, comparing MRI findings with clinical symptoms. Results: Results revealed that disc deformation was positively correlated with clicking. In contrast, limited mouth opening was significantly associated with anterior disc displacement without reduction and osteoarthrosis, indicating joint degeneration. Conclusions: The findings highlight that limited mouth opening is a more reliable clinical indicator of TMD than joint clicking, which may not always reflect underlying disc displacement. Although clicking was observed in discs with and without displacement, limited mouth opening showed a strong correlation with degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint. The study underscores the reliability of clinical symptoms of TMD, which play a crucial role in treatment planing. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
